In this study, exosomes used to encapsulate curcumin (Exo-cur) or a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) inhibitor, i.e., JSI124 (Exo-JSI124) were delivered noninvasively to microglia cells via an intranasal route. The results generated from three inflammation-mediated disease models, i.e., a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation model, experimental autoimmun...

This study is an investigation of the possible role of DNA polymerase (pol) delta with an inactivated exonuclease (exo) in somatic hypermutation (SHM). Analysis of endogenous heavy chain transcripts revealed no difference in mutation frequency and pattern between exo(-/-), exo(+/-) and exo(+/+) mice. The lack of an effect of the pol delta exo mutation on SHM could be due to: (i) normally pol de...

Subtle differences in pheromone components of sympatric species should be attractive only to the producing species and unattractive or repellent to the nonproducing species, and thereby maintain reproductive isolation and reduce competition between species. Bark beetles Dendroctonus brevicomis and D. frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are known to have common pheromone components, except for...

While original epoxy resin-based self-healing systems used the commercially available endo-isomer of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), the exo-stereoisomer is known to have much faster olefin metathesis reaction rates with first-generation Grubbs' catalyst. Here, we measure the energy to failure of healed specimens as a function of healing time and compare the kinetics of damage repair for endo- and ex...

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of agreement between two techniques commonly used to measure exogenous carbohydrate oxidation (CHO(EXO)). To accomplish this, seven healthy male subjects (24 +/- 3 yr, 74.8 +/- 2.1 kg, V(O2(max)) 62 +/- 4 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) exercised at 50% of their peak power for 120 min on two occasions. During these exercise bouts, subjects ingested a sol...

The purposes of this study were: 1) to obtain a measure of exogenous carbohydrate (CHO(Exo)) oxidation and plasma glucose kinetics during 5 h of exercise; and 2) to compare CHO(Exo) following the ingestion of a glucose solution (Glu) or a glucose + fructose solution (2:1 ratio, Glu+Fru) during ultraendurance exercise. Eight well-trained subjects exercised three times for 5 h at 58% maximum O2 c...

The major toxaphene metabolites in sediment and soils (2-exo,3-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-hexachlorobornane [B6-923] and 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane [B7-1001]) were incubated with the isolated gram-negative bacterium Dehalospirillum multivorans. Within 14 d, biotransformation of B7-1001 was nearly quantitative, resulting in two penta- and six hexachlorobornanes, as well as one un...

Critical analysis of published works shows that there is no evidence any Diel- Alder reactions took place in a synchronous manner. The Diel-Alder 4+2 cyclo addition conjugated dienes and dinophiles which represents some mechanistic surprises endo exo products/isomers. Kinetically, product more preffered to isomer because its low activation energy. Therefore this experiment carried out support e...

The oxidation of norbornane by a reconstituted liver cytochrome P-450 system affords exoand endo-2-norborneol in a ratio of 3.4:1. The ratio ofese products was found to be 0.76:l when exo!exo,exo,exo-2,3,5,6-tetradueteronorbornane --was oxidized. Analysis of the mass spectra of the products from the deuterated hydrocarbon showed that 25% of the exo-norborneol contained four deuterium atoms wher...

The study investigated the effects of using a lower body prototype exoskeleton (EXO) on static limits of stability and postural sway. Measurements were taken with participants, 10 US Army enlisted men, standing on a force platform. The men were tested with and without the EXO (15 kg) while carrying military loads of 20, 40 and 55 kg. Body lean to the left and right was significantly less and po...