The Melkites, Jacobites, and Nestorians were the main Christian communities under Muslim rule. Several pre-Islamic Arab Christian authors wrote treatises concerning their beliefs in Arabic, some of which date back to the early Islamic centuries. The multiplicity of such polemical works suggests an intellectually open society and a degree of tolerance shown by Muslim leaders. Abu Raʾita...

A new optimization technique is proposed for classifiers fusion — Cooperative Coevolutionary Ensemble Learning (CCEL). It is based on a specific multipopulational evolutionary algorithm — cooperative coevolution. It can be used as a wrapper over any kind of weak algorithms, learning procedures and fusion functions, for both classification and regression tasks. Experiments on the real-world prob...

We produced a set of pseudoisochromatic plates for determining individual color-difference thresholds to assess test performance and test properties, and analyzed the results. We report a high test validity and classification ability for the deficiency type and severity level [comparable to that of the fourth edition of the Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) test]. We discuss changes of the acceptable ch...

In T4 bacteriophage, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is incorporated into DNA during replication. In response, bacteria may have developed modification-dependent type IV restriction enzymes to defend the cell from T4-like infection. PvuRts1I was the first identified restriction enzyme to exhibit specificity toward hmC over 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and cytosine. By using PvuRts1I as the original me...

in that belief to god is a contract and heart condition that took safety for the believer and on top of all minor beliefs has been human and is happinees; there is no say; but providing characteristics of belief and comprehensive definition for that for a discussion of the most basic issues of islamic theology and christian theology is need. among christian with existentialist  paul tillich wit...

the chronobiology of the acute myocardial infarction (ami) is an interesting matter for recognition of the biological mechanism that might trigger ami. the present study was aimed to investigate the circadian, seasonal and circannual variation of the ami occurrence with solar, lunar, and christian months. a retrospective study of 1174 cases with diagnosis of ami was conducted. all cases include...

this investigation, is consideration in relation between faith and moral in soren kierkegaard`s point of view, as two undeniable fact of mankind living reality that wich kierkegaard, christian fideist philosopher, describe from christian faith; she scrutinize`s this relation with study bible and some of chiristianity teachings as incarnation and expiate and the three persons. on the other hand,...

Fitness distributions are employed as tools for understanding the effects of variation operators in Genetic Programming. Eleven operators are analyzed on four common benchmark problems by estimating generation dependent features of the fitness distributions, e.g. the probability of improvement and the expected average fitness change. Fitness Distributions: Tools for Designing Efficient Evolutio...