abstract in this paper, markov chain and dynamic programming were used to represent a suitable pattern for tax relief and tax evasion decrease based on tax earnings in iran from 2005 to 2009. results, by applying this model, showed that tax evasion were 6714 billion rials**. with 4% relief to tax payers and by calculating present value of the received tax, it was reduced to 3108 billion rials. ...

abstract by using cross-section data which gathered through a survey research in mashhad ,contingent valuation approach and tobit model this study tries to determine economical value of air pollution and effective factors on wtp. based on contingent valuation approach, air pollution total value of airpollution in high-polluted region equals 7134146560 rials per month and in middle-polluted regi...

background and aims: burn injuries gives rise to mortality and long-term disability, and impose a high economic burden on patients, their families, and society.  thus, we investigated the direct hospitalization costs of the 388 burn patients admitted to the burn center of imam khomeini hospital in kermanshah province of iran. material and methods: this  retrospective study was conducted on all ...

in this paper the partial and total factors productivities of isfahan province industries are analyzed. the two digit isic yearly data is used for period 1972-1993 . the results shoe that the average partial labor productivity are 6/8 and 2/2 mil. rials which are corresponded to chemical and wood industries, respectively. the average labor productivity of all industries is roughly constant befo...

The identity and distribution of a neglected fungus gnat species, Rymosia tolleti Burghele-Balacesco, 1965, in Europe is reviewed based on examination newly collected specimens as well available museum mate-rials. widespread but rather rare Central Europe, with confirmed records from Romania, Slo-vakia, Germany, France. All the known collection details originate cave environments. Detailed phot...

Introduction: Since ancient times Malaria in Iran has been considered as a serious health risk, especially in Hormozgan Province, as no other disease like Malaria has imposed irreparable financial and life losses to the country. Since saving costs in the healthcare sector comes as first priority in most countries, this study aims at launching a cost-effectiveness analysis on malaria diagnosis d...

BACKGROUND According to importance of cirrhosis of the liver and the lack of information about the economic burden of the disease, we performed this study to estimate the economic burden of liver Cirrhosis in Iran in 2011. METHODS The cost-of-illness method, based on the human capital theory, has been used. Both direct and indirect costs have been estimated using a prevalence approach and bot...