S. Müller analyses lexicon entries referring to ancient Persia, including both traditional academic reference works such as Paulys Realencyclopadie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft and more recent children’s encyclopaedias. She points out the tenacity of commonplaces emerging in 19th century, an interpretation Persian war battle between freedom tyranny alleged civilizing drive Alexander Gr...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to better understand the triggers of suicide, particularly among the ancient Greek and Persian soldiers and commanders. METHOD 'Herodotus:TheHistories' is a history of the rulers and soldiery who participated in the Greco-Persian wars (492-449 BCE). A new translation (2013) of this manuscript was studied. Accounts of suicide were collected and collated, wit...

BACKGROUND Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) is based on humors theory. Temperament or mizaj is the result of a combination of four fundamental humors called blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Like any other diseases, acne is the result of humoral imbalance. Acne is a highly prevalent dermatological problem, which has both physical and psychological effects on patients. The aim of thi...

the sasanian settlements located persian gulf shores proving the economic-political sovereignty of iran over the persian gulf through preislamic era denotes commercial relations between iran and other regions. the remains of sasanian sites and scattered ceramic sherds help us to apprehend the history of the socio-political organization of the persian gulf sphere and recognize the interactions b...

During the final hours of pregnancy, uterine contractions cause the foetus to move through the birth canal and leave the mother's body. Haly Abbas (died 982-994 CE), is believed to be the first writer to explain the role of these contractions. However, this concept had in fact been described in the text titled Bab-e-Borzouyeh, written four centuries earlier by the physician Borzouyeh (Perzoes i...

Despite the fact that ophthalmology is one of the foremost branches of medicine, conceptualization of the structure and function of the eye barely advanced in ancient Western civilizations. At the early recovery of Persian civilization (9(th) century AD) after the extinction of the Sassanid Empire (7(th) century AD), translations of Greek medical textbooks played an important role in the develo...

Common walnut (Juglans regia L) is an economically important species cultivated worldwide for its wood and nuts. It is generally accepted that J. regia survived and grew spontaneously in almost completely isolated stands in its Asian native range after the Last Glacial Maximum. Despite its natural geographic isolation, J. regia evolved over many centuries under the influence of human management...