Vacuolar myelinopathy was confirmed by light and electron microscopic examination of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris), and buffleheads (Bucephala albeola) collected during an epizootic at Lake Surf in central North Carolina (USA) between November 1998 and February 1999. Clinical signs of affected birds were consistent with central nervous system impairment of m...

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera and Amblycera) are permanent, obligate, host-specific ectoparasites commonly found in birds. This study detects the types of chewing on living migratory 436 birds were detected Razzaza Lake that included captured during migration from October 2021 to February 2022 like Anas strepera, crecca, platyrhynchos, clypeata. The soaked 70% ethyl alcohol three speci...

Time–activity budgets in the family Anatidae are available for the wintering and breeding periods. We present the first flyway-level study of foraging time in a long-distance migrant, the Eurasian Green-winged Teal, Anas crecca crecca L., 1758 (‘‘Teal’’). Behavioral data from early and late spring staging, breeding, and molting sites were collected with standardized protocols to explore differe...

Climate change induced by recent global warming may have a significant impact on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. For example, the distribution of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has expanded into new regions. We surveyed the levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies against JEV (Family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) in wild birds captured in Korea. Blood samples were collecte...

Genetic variations were detected in duck growth hormone (GH) gene promoters at 8 positions in the genome of ducks from 3 regions (Mandalay, Khayan, and Sittwe) in Myanmar. Different frequencies were detected in the 3 regions. Higher frequencies were detected at positions, 244, 294, 586, and 665 of the GH promoter from both Mandalay and Khayan than in the ducks from Sittwe. The duck populations ...