The general circulation models (GCMs) used to simulate future climate are under-constrained, as evidenced by the fact that factor-of-two changes in rates of ocean heat uptake1, 2, magnitudes of radiative forcing anomalies3, 4, and the strength of various feedbacks5–7 can be traded off against one another to yield results that all agree with observations8, 9. This indeterminacy, although inevita...

This paper discusses some of the recent improvements in instrumentation used for stable isotope tracer measurements in the context of measuring retinol stores, in vivo. Tracer costs, together with concerns that larger tracer doses may perturb the parameter under study, demand that ever more sensitive mass spectrometric techniques are developed. GCMS is the most widely used technique. It has hig...

BACKGROUND In most states, mental illness costs are an increasing share of Medicaid expenditures. Specialized depression care managers (CM) have consistently demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes relative to usual primary care (UC), but are costly and may not be fully utilized in smaller practices. A generalist care manager (GCM) could manage multiple chronic conditions and be more acce...

Present work is directed toward the isolation and identification of biological active (antimicrobial) compound from metabolite extracted from endophytic fungus Emericella qaudrilineata(RS-5) (Accession number KC662361). Crude extracted from endophytic fungus Emericella qaudrilineata possessing antibacterial activity was subjected to bioassay guided fractionation in which toluene fraction exhibi...

The role of General Circulation Models (GCMs) has become predominantly important as the practical interest in regional impacts from anthropogenic greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) grows. This first report documents the quality of GCMs as a tool for describing and predicting ‘global warming’ and the related geographical pattern of climate change from the CO2 added to Earth’s atmosphere.

The viability of oxygen isotope analysis of tooth enamel by UV laser ablation and fluorination has been demonstrated by comparison with the Ag PO extraction method. In-situ analyses by UV laser fluorination using both isotope ratio mass 3 4 Ž . spectrometry and isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry irm-GCMS microanalysis are comparaŽ . 18 ble to those of the Ag PO method...

[1] A Rossby wave breaking identification method is presented which searches for overturning of absolute vorticity contours on pressure surfaces. The results are compared to those from an analysis of isentropic potential vorticity, and it is demonstrated that both yield similar wave breaking distributions. As absolute vorticity is easily obtained from most model output, we present wave breaking...

The “Vertical structure and physical processes of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO)” project comprises three experiments, designed to evaluate comprehensively the heating, moistening, and momentum associated with tropical convection in general circulation models (GCMs). We consider here only those GCMs that performed all experiments. Some models display relatively higher or lower MJO fidelity...

Climate Change refers to any systematic change in the long-term statistics of climate elements (such as temperature, pressure, or winds) sustained over several decades or longer time periods. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are tools designed to simulate time series of climate variables globally, accounting for effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and resulting global climate change....

We investigate major results of the NARCCAP multiple regional climate model (RCM) experiments driven by multiple global climate models (GCMs) regarding climate change for seasonal temperature and precipitation over North America. We focus on two major questions: How do the RCM simulated climate changes differ from those of the parent GCMs and thus affect our perception of climate change over No...