In the present review we outline the state-of-the-art of neuraxial analgesia. As neuraxial analgesia remains the gold standar of analgesia during labor, we review the most recent literature on this topic. The neuraxial analgesia techniques, types of administration, drugs, adjuvants, and adverse effects are investigated from the references. Most authors would agree that central neuraxial analges...

       In this study, we investigated the interactive effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of three different phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) on morphine-induced analgesia in mice using tail-flick method. Subcutaneous administration of morphine (1, 3 and 6 mg/kg) caused significant antinociceptive effects in a dose dependent manner. Administration of pentoxifylline (12.5, 25, 50 an...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Limited data are available comparing epidural and patient-controlled analgesia in site-specific colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2 modes of analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic right colectomy (RC) and low anterior resection (LAR). METHODS Prospectively collected data on 433 patients undergoing laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted c...

BACKGROUND Some anesthesiologists consider combined spinal epidural (CSE) analgesia as superior alternative to continuous labor epidural (CLE) analgesia. However, during CSE, even small doses of intrathecally administered local anesthetics with opioids induce almost instant analgesia that precludes the testing of epidural catheters as well as early appreciation of failed epidural catheters. To ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the use of analgesia in an accident and emergency (A&E) department and identify shortcomings. SETTING University teaching hospital. METHODS An audit of patients referred from the A&E department to orthopaedic fracture clinic (n = 100) or for orthopaedic admission (n = 100) was carried out to document analgesia use. An analgesia protocol was introduced and analgesia use w...

BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia and intravenous analgesia with opioids are two techniques for the relief of labor pain. The goal of this study was to develop a cost-identification model to quantify the costs (from society's perspective) of epidural analgesia compared with intravenous analgesia for labor pain. Because there is no valid method to assign a dollar value to differing levels of analges...

background a few studies are available actually comparing the clinical efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen with other medications such as dexamethasone to inhibit postoperative adverse events in children. objectives this randomized blinded controlled trial was designed to compare controlling status of postoperative events in children after tonsillectomy randomized to receive either intravenou...

abstract background ketofol is usually using as a sedative drug during painful procedures now. that provides sedation, analgesia and rapid recovery. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, respiratory and hemodynamic profiles, and side effects of two various combination of ketamine and propofol in patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration (bma) and lumbar puncture (lp). materials an...

BACKGROUND Opioid analgesics are used in most trauma systems, and only a few studies report on the use of ketamine for prehospital analgesia. In a low-cost rural trauma system in Iraq paramedics have been using prehospital ketamine analgesia for ten years. This study aims to evaluate the effects of prehospital analgesia on physiologic trauma severity indicators and compare the effect of ketamin...