objective: amorphous calcium phosphate (acp) is a reactive solution capable of releasing calcium and phosphate ions, conversion to apatite and remineralization of mineral tooth structure. this study reviews acp structure, its properties and its applications in dentistry.   methods: in this review study, keywords including “amorphous calcium phosphate”, “mineralization”, “hydroxyapatite”, “casei...

An association scheme is amorphous if it has as many fusion schemes as possible. Symmetric amorphous schemes were classified by A. V. Ivanov [A. V. Ivanov, Amorphous cellular rings II, in Investigations in algebraic theory of combinatorial objects, pages 39–49. VNIISI, Moscow, Institute for System Studies, 1985] and commutative amorphous schemes were classified by T. Ito, A. Munemasa and M. Yam...

An animal's hard tissue is mainly composed of crystalline calcium phosphate. In vitro, small changes in the reaction conditions affect the species of calcium phosphate formed, whereas, in vivo, distinct types of crystalline calcium phosphate are formed in a well-controlled spatiotemporal-dependent manner. A variety of proteins are involved in hard-tissue formation; however, the mechanisms by wh...

We derive a phase diagram for amorphous solids and liquid supercooled water and explain why the amorphous solids of water exist in several different forms. Application of large-deviation theory allows us to prepare such phases in computer simulations. Along with nonequilibrium transitions between the ergodic liquid and two distinct amorphous solids, we establish coexistence between these two am...

In this study, the crystallization behavior of melt-spun Al87Ni10La3 amorphous phase was investigated by using X-ray diffraction and non-isothermal differential thermal analysis techniques. The results demonstrated that the amorphous phase exhibited two-stage crystallization on heating, i.e., at first step the amorphous phase transforms into α-Al phase and at second step Al11La3 and Al3Ni inter...

The Fe-Ni-Sb-B amorphous alloy has been prepared by a solid-solid chemical reaction of ferric trichloride, nickel chloride, antimony chloride and potassium borohydride powders at room temperature. The inductive couple plasma study indicates that the resultant is composed of Fe 5.38 %, Ni 56.19 %, Sb 29.02 % and B 0.44 %. The XRD and thermal analysis show that the alloy is a non-strict sense amo...

Defects in disordered (amorphous) semiconductors are discussed, with an emphasis on hydrogenated amorphous silicon. The general differences between defect phenomena in crystalline and amorphous hosts are described, and the special importance of the electron–phonon coupling is stressed. Detailed calculations for amorphous Si are presented using accurate first principles (density-functional) tech...

This manuscript studied the effect of counterion on the glass transition and recrystallization behavior of amorphous salts of prazosin. Three amorphous salts of prazosin, namely, prazosin hydrochloride, prazosin mesylate and prazosin tosylate were prepared by spray drying, and characterized by optical-polarized microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. Modulate...

A series of In2O3 thin films, ranging from X-ray diffraction amorphous to highly crystalline, were grown on amorphous silica substrates using pulsed laser deposition by varying the film growth temperature. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition and the structure of amorphous In2O3 were investigated by grazing angle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Hall transport measurement, high resolution transmis...

In the present research, amorphous Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 Finemet foils, 21-26µm in thickness and 5mm in width, were prepared by Planar Flow Casting (PFC) process. Wound cores of amorphous Finemet foils were simultaneously annealed and heat treated at 540°C for 60, 120 and 240 minutes in steam and air flow to form oxide insulating coating layer on both surfaces of the foils. The structure of nano...