The study of the Americas, or “Americanism”, appeared as a specific area specialty in French universities from middle 19th century. It built on deep-going roots about specificity American continent and importance its “discovery” intellectual history Europe, providing kind anti-model what was considered “civilization” general interrogation models “nature” “society”. After slow start, which inclu...

The French diplomatic tradition has been going on for centuries and influenced other parts of the world. One France's most essential foreign policy directions is relations between France United States. It can be said to friendship hatred at same time. deep-rooted anti-Americanism in desire by Paris return great power status makes these even more difficult. In this article, I review toward State...

Our 2005 representative national survey (2,972 interviews) shows an overwhelmingly common and strong religious intolerance towards Western churches that are legally deemed “non-traditional” and are commonly perceived as foreign to Russia. Most Russians would not let Western groups build churches, establish religious schools, or engage in other basic religious activities in their hometowns. West...

This paper develops a model of the interaction between the supply of hatecreating stories from politicians and the willingness of voters to listen to hatred. Hatred is fostered with stories of an out-group’s crimes, but the impact of these stories comes from repetition not truth. Hate-creating stories are supplied by politicians when such actions help to discredit opponents whose policies benef...

During the 1898 war between Spain and United States caused by last Spanish colonial possessions, Buenos Aires became setting of different initiatives related to war, such as conferences mobilizations. The significant Spanish immigration in city encouraged these events. In turn, cultural circles groups were milieu dissertations on the meaning for Argentine Latin American publ...