background and aims. inferior alveolar nerve block injection is one of the common intra oral anesthetic techniques, with a failure rate of 15-20%. the aim of this study was to evaluate the position of the lingula as an index for this injection. materials and methods. thirty eight panoramic radiographs of 7–11 year old patients were analyzed and the distance between the lingula index and occlusa...

stafne bone defect is a bone depression containing salivary gland or fatty soft tissue on the lingual surface of the mandible. the most common location is within the submandibular gland fossa and often close to the inferior border of the mandible. this defect is asymptomatic and generally discovered only incidentally during radiographic examination of the area. stafne bone defect appears as a w...

Amiodarone is used in treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Therapeutic use of amiodarone is limited by its side effects, including pulmonary toxicity. Human Placenta Extract (HPE) contains a variety of bio-active substances. Thus, the present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the protective effects of HPE on the structural lung changes induced by amiodarone using stereological methods. Spragu...

Amiodarone is used in treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Therapeutic use of amiodarone is limited by its side effects, including pulmonary toxicity. Human Placenta Extract (HPE) contains a variety of bio-active substances. Thus, the present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the protective effects of HPE on the structural lung changes induced by amiodarone using stereological methods. Spragu...

the excess accumulation of water in lung interstitial or alveolar is called pulmonary edema which is caused by factors that upset the normal starling balance in micro-circulation. pulmonary edema disturbs the alveolar gas exchanges which are normally regulated by the respiratory system. mathematical modelling of pulmonary edema may help to predict the lung conditions and the mechanisms involved...

introduction: the horizontal bony canal in the lateral maxillary wall is the site of anastomosis between the arterial branches from the posterior superior alveolar artery (psaa) and the infraorbital artery. this anatomic structure is known as the ‘alveolar antral artery’.   materials and methods: we performed a literature review. the anatomic location of the alveolar antral artery in the latera...

abstract background: cholesterol cleft granulomas with clusters of giant cells were noted to be a common feature of non-specific interstitial pneumonia (nsip). objective: this study aimed to define the cell populations involved in the granulomas. methods: the granulomas of 16 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (five cases with the histological features ofnsip, five with those ofuip ...

 ABSTRACT Background: Cholesterol cleft granulomas with clusters of giant cells were noted to be a common feature of non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). Objective: This study aimed to define the cell populations involved in the granulomas. Methods: The granulomas of 16 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (five cases with the histological features ofNSIP, five with those ofUIP...