Borland, Colin, Bryan Mist, Mariella Zammit, and Alain Vuylsteke. Steady-state measurement of NO and CO lung diffusing capacity on moderate exercise in men. J Appl Physiol 90: 538–544, 2001.—Using a rapidly responding nitric oxide (NO) analyzer, we measured the steady-state NO diffusing capacity (DLNO) from end-tidal NO. The diffusing capacity of the alveolar capillary membrane and pulmonary ca...

BACKGROUND Electronic noses are composites of nanosensor arrays. Numerous studies showed their potential to detect lung cancer from breath samples by analysing exhaled volatile compound pattern ("breathprint"). Expiratory flow rate, breath hold and inclusion of anatomic dead space may influence the exhaled levels of some volatile compounds; however it has not been fully addressed how these fact...

Using a rapidly responding nitric oxide (NO) analyzer, we measured the steady-state NO diffusing capacity (DL(NO)) from end-tidal NO. The diffusing capacity of the alveolar capillary membrane and pulmonary capillary blood volume were calculated from the steady-state diffusing capacity for CO (measured simultaneously) and the specific transfer conductance of blood per milliliter for NO and for C...

BACKGROUND Homogeneous ventilation is important for prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been used to identify optimal PEEP by detection of homogenous ventilation in non-dependent and dependent lung regions. We aimed to compare the ability of volumetric capnography and EIT in detecting homogenous ventilation between these lung regions. METHOD...

Dead space is an important component of ventilation-perfusion abnormalities. Measurement of dead space has diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications. In the intensive care unit (ICU) dead space measurement can be used to guide therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); in the emergency department it can guide thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism; in p...

BACKGROUND Currently, a new generation of synthetic pulmonary surfactants is being developed that may eventually replace animal-derived surfactants used in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Enlightened by this, we prepared a synthetic peptide-containing surfactant (Synsurf) consisting of phospholipids and poly-l-lysine electrostatically bonded to poly-l-glutamic acid. Our objectiv...

1. Atropine is known to diminish bronchomotor tone. In order to investigate the acute effect of atropine on respiration and alveolar gas mixing, a dose of 2.4 mg was given intravenously. 2. Ten normal male volunteers were each studied three times with a nitrogen washout method, once before administration of atropine and then 20 min and 60 min thereafter. 3. After the administration of atropine ...

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema responsible for a significant impairment of gas exchange. The pulmonary dead space increase, which is due primarily to an alteration in pulmonary blood flow distribution, is largely responsible for carbon dioxide retention. Previous studies, computing the pulmonary dead space by meas...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with hypercapnia is associated with increased mortality. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can lower hypercapnia and ventilator loads but is hampered by a low adherence rate leaving a majority of patients insufficiently treated. Recently, nasal high flow (NHF) has been introduced in the acute setting in adults, too. It is an open nasal cannula system fo...