reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...

Complementarity of vehicles and fuels has posed significant barrier for increasing the use of alternative fuels in place of traditional ones. An initial positive number of either alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) users or alternative fueling stations are needed for the diffusion of both. This research examines the incentive of the automotive industry, in particular automobile companies focusing on...

The most perplexing international problem concerning the fate of our planet is the issue of global warming. There are a number of complex factors governing the resolution of this extremely important environmental challenge. The decrease in world-wide fossil fuel reserves coupled with an increase in carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of hydrocarbons makes it imperative that alternative...

Alternative energy is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel. These alternatives are intended to address concerns about such fossil fuels. Today, because of the variety of energy choices and differing goals of their advocates, defining some energy types as "alternative" is highly controversial. Most of the recent and existing alternative sources of energy are discussed below. K...

Decision on alternative-fuel vehicles is one of the most important problems for fleet operations. In this paper we propose a hierarchical hesitant fuzzy linguistic model that captures hesitant linguistic evaluations of multiple experts on multiple criteria for alternative-fuel vehicles. We apply the proposed model on the alternative-fuel vehicle selection problem of a home health care service p...

This chapter focuses on some new definitions and methodologies of electric drives that are facing new challenges raised by alternative fuel vehicles. It starts with the objectives, fundamentals, and current research issues of alternative fuel vehicles based electric drives, before moving on to new definitions of unified modeling of the entire electric drive system and design of the proposed DC ...

Energy efficiency and alternative power play a big role in sustainability The use of fossil fuels as a major energy source has given rise to several concerns such as the effect of harmful emissions and sustainability. Due to these reasons lot of efforts have been placed on finding alternative energy sources. One of the promising environmentally benign alternative for large scale electricity pro...

One significant obstacle to meeting aggressive federal and state alternative fuel consumption targets is the relative scarcity of retail fueling stations that carry alternative fuels. Policies that encourage or mandate use of alternative fuel vehicles in government fleets, thereby increasing demand for such fuels, are one popular approach to stimulating further development of the alternative fu...

It has long been known that thorium-232 is a fertile radioactive material that can produce energy in nuclear reactors for conversion to electricity. Thorium-232 is well suited to a variety of reactor types including molten fluoride salt designs, heavy water CANDU configurations, and helium-cooled TRISO-

1Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Karaj 31438-44693, Iran 2Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj 31359-33151, Iran 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran 4Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of Califor...