Metal extraction and smelting cause considerable impacts on the environment. Consumption-based impact accounting highlights the responsibility of metal-consuming industries for the impacts and may drive a system-wide improvement in the structure of related supply chains. To drive the improvements, policies at national level coordinated for respective product types across the nations is needed. ...

Although titanium is considered to be a ubiquitous element as it has the 10th-highest Clarke number of all the elements, it is actually classified as a rare metal because the current refinement process for the metal is more environmentally damaging than the processes used to refine iron and aluminum. Furthermore, the principal alloying elements of titanium alloys are very expensive, owing to th...

in this research, the high-energy planetary mill was employed to produce nanocrystalline ti-50al(γ)(at%) powders. initial powders were mechanically alloyed in 99.9999% and 90% purities of argon and also air atmosphere with alloying times up to 50h. the effect of impurity of argon atmosphere on the microstructure and the rate of phase transformation of ti-50al were investigated during mechanical...

Noble metals have been widely used as heterogeneous catalysts because they exhibit high activity and selectivity for many reactions of both academic industrial interest. The introduction light atomic species (e.g., H, B, C, N) into noble metal lattices plays an important role in optimizing catalytic performance by modulating structural electronic properties. In this review, we present a general...

Introduction Iron is the most abundant element in the Earth’s core. However, the density of the outer core is about 10% lower than the density of iron at the pressure and temperature conditions of the outer core, indicating the presence of a low-atomic-weight component (such as H, C, O, Si, or S) in the core [1]. There is also evidence that the inner core may be less dense than pure iron and th...

Alloying addition, as a means of improving mechanical properties and saving on costs of materials, has been applied to a broad range of uses and products in the metallurgical fields. In the field of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), alloying additions have also proven to play effective and important roles in promoting glass formation, enhancing thermal stability and improving plasticity of the mate...