This paper deals with the issue of allocating and utilizing centers in a distributed network, in its various forms. The paper discusses the signiicant parameters of center allocation, deenes the resulting optimization problems, and proposes several approximation algorithms for selecting centers and for distributing the users among them. We concentrate mainly on balanced versions of the problem,...

OBJECTIVE Directed attention, the ability to allocate and direct attention toward a salient stimulus, is impaired in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This construct is often assessed with target detection or oddball tasks, and individuals with ADHD perform poorly on such tasks. However, to date, the specific brain structures or neural mechanisms underlying target detection dysfu...

With the advent of social media and peer production, the amount of new online content has grown dramatically. To identify interesting items in the vast stream of new content, providers must rely on peer recommendation to aggregate opinions of their many users. Due to human cognitive biases, the presentation order strongly affects how people allocate attention to the available content. Moreover,...

Earlier research has established that speakers usually fixate the objects they name and that the viewing time for an object depends on the time necessary for object recognition and for the retrieval of its name. In three experiments, speakers produced pronouns and noun phrases to refer to new objects and to objects already known. Speakers looked less frequently and for shorter periods at the ob...

A decision maker (DM) prefers to allocate a limited number of prizes to the “highest-quality” agents. Although the DM is initially uniformed about quality, she can learn about quality through a review process before awarding prizes. Due to time constraints, however, the DM is unable to review all agents before making a decision. The method by which the DM allocates her limited attention affects...

EPC (Energy Performance Contracting), as a mechanism grounded in markets, is important for the energy saving industry. The issue of energy savings benefit allocation in Shared Savings Energy Performance Contracting Projects is one obstacle frustrating the rapid growth of the energy performance contracting mechanism. Currently, studies on this issue primarily adopt the equilibrium principle of g...

Humans are able to predict the behavior of others using visual information. Several studies have argued that social cues, such as eye gaze direction, can influence the allocation of visual attention in a reflexive manner. We have previously shown that a patient with frontal-lobe damage, patient EVR, can use peripheral cues to direct attention but cannot use either word cues or gaze cues to allo...

Previous research suggests that action video game play improves attentional resources, allowing gamers to better allocate their attention across both space and time. In order to further characterize the plastic changes resulting from playing these video games, we administered the Attentional Network Test (ANT) ccepted 1 February 2009 vailable online 7 February 2009