Using digital fluorescence imaging, we determined the effects of methyl anthranilate (MA), an avian irritant, and capsaicin (CAP), a mammalian irritant, on intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in chicken trigeminal neurons. Concentration-response functions indicated that the threshold for inducing increases in [Ca(2+)](i) was higher for CAP (30 micromol l(-1)) than for MA (10 micromol l(-1)). Th...

Demographic differences may produce interstate variation in the burden of osteoporosis. We estimated the burden of fragility fractures by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and service site across five diverse and populous states. State inpatient databases for 2000 were used to describe hospital fracture admissions, and a Markov decision model was used to estimate annual fracture incidence and cost for ...

The first significant buildup in atmospheric oxygen, the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), began in the early Paleoproterozoic in association with global glaciations and continued until the end of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion ca. 2,060 Ma. The exact timing of and relationships among these events are debated because of poor age constraints and contradictory stratigraphic correlations. Here,...

Abstract Samples and documentation of outcrops drillings, facies analysis, whole rock geochemistry radiometric ages have been employed to re-evaluate the Late Carboniferous Tharandt Forest caldera (TFC) co-genetic Niederbobritzsch granite (NBG) in eastern Erzgebirge near Dresden, Germany. The c. 52 km 2 TFC harbours strongly welded ignimbrites with a preserved minimum thickness 550 m. Compositi...

1 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 2 Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 3 Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 4 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA , USA 5 Division of Infectious Diseases, Depart...

Parameswaran Ajith,1, 2, 3 Tomoki Isogai,4, 5 Nelson Christensen,5 Rana X. Adhikari,2 Aaron B. Pearlman,2, 6 Alex Wein,2 Alan J. Weinstein,2 and Ben Yuan2 1International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India. 2LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 3Theoretical Astrophysics, California Institute of ...

1 Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 2 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. 3 Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY. 4 Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public H...

BACKGROUND Starfish oocytes are arrested at the first prophase of meiosis until they are stimulated by 1-methyladenine (1-MA). The two most immediate responses to the maturation-inducing hormone are the quick release of intracellular Ca(2+) and the accelerated changes of the actin cytoskeleton in the cortex. Compared with the later events of oocyte maturation such as germinal vesicle breakdown,...