BACKGROUND Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi, known as Ibn al-Nafis (1210-1288 AD), was a Muslim Syrian physician primarily famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood. The most voluminous of his books is Alshamel fi Sana'at tebbi'at, which is a comprehensive medical encyclopedia. It comprised 300 volumes of notes, from which only ...

Imam Ali, the sultan of wise words, who had a good command Qur'an, hadiths, and poems period ignorance (Jahiliyyah), used literary sentences even in his everyday conversations. He proved to be pinnacle literature by skillfully bringing together words with deep meanings. His were examined Arab Turkish sources reveal power Ali beauty language. Studies on aspect Arabic field are more than studies ...

â â â â â  graphic description: â  the mystery of ibn khafaja's success in description â  â ali bagher taheriniya * â javad ranjbar ** â  â  â abstractâ ibn khafaja is one of the poets and men of letters in spain. he is titled to sanobari of spain. he is one of the masters of description. hence, the analysis of successful techniques he has used in the descriptive art could illuminate the w...

concerning the article on ”cataract surgery in albucasis manuscript” pages 75-76 which is published in this issue of iranian journal of ophthalmology (irjo) a few points took my attention worth mentioning.     the science of ophthalmology and cataract surgery was developed 6,000 years ago, not in egypt but at mesopotamian region. the babylonians mastered this science 2,000 years before the glor...

BACKGROUND Sleep is one of the most fundamental human needs; without any doubt sleep is even more essential for sick patients, especially for patients with chronic illnesses. Sleep disturbance may lead to anxiety and reduced quality of life. Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a sensory-motor disorder accompanied by a strong desire to move the legs or other parts of the body, which can cause sleep d...