The evolution of Mediterranean landscapes during the Holocene has been increasingly governed by the complex interactions of water and human land use. Different land-use practices change the amount of water flowing across the surface and infiltrating the soil, and change water's ability to move surface sediments. Conversely, water amplifies the impacts of human land use and extends the ecologica...

Southern Central Asia witnessed widespread expansion in urbanism and exchange, between roughly 2200 1500 B.C., fostering a new cultural florescence, sometimes referred to as the Greater Khorasan Civilization. Decades of detailed archeological investigation have focused on development urban settlements, political systems, inter-regional exchange within across broader region, but little is known ...

Abstract In Africa, livestock are important to local and national economies, but their productivity is constrained by infectious diseases. Comprehensive information on movements contacts required devise appropriate disease control strategies; yet, understanding contact risk in systems where herds mix extensively, different pathogens can be transmitted at spatial temporal scales, remains a major...

The Lake Chad Basin region has experienced a steep increase in violence and instability since 2010, associated with ethnic identity conflict, ecological degradation, insurgency. This article explores the association between activities of insurgency groups – focussing on perpetration against civilians state actors agropastoral background stresses this region. finds pattern close spatial temporal...

The European high Alps are internationally renowned for their dairy produce, which are of huge cultural and economic significance to the region. Although the recent history of alpine dairying has been well studied, virtually nothing is known regarding the origins of this practice. This is due to poor preservation of high altitude archaeological sites and the ephemeral nature of transhumance eco...

Abstract In Ethiopia, large scale land investments have been expanding into pastoral regions. However, little is known about the consequences of these on food security community. Using Living Standard Measurement Survey data World Bank, we find that, average, 32% respondents from (agro-)pastoral regions are insecure. After controlling for confounders, proximity to associated with additional int...