Weed management systems that rely less on chemical control are needed globally. Next to curative chemical weed control, there are other ways of tackling weed problems, such as (a) reduction of the weed seed bank in the soil, (b) reduced recruitment of weed seeds from the soil seed bank, and (c) strengthening the relative competitive ability of the crop. A number of case studies are presented in...

Craig Daniels,1 Carmen Michán2 and Juan-Luis Ramos3* Structural Proteomics in Toronto, UHN and University of Toronto, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research; C.H. Best Institute 112 College Street, M5G 1L6, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Con...

The aim of this research was to investigate the environmental impacts of olive fruit production under different orchard size and upon organic and common agro-systems through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in Rudbar region, Guilan province, northern Iran. The data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire and face-to-face interview with 305 olive growers in the study region. ...

Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane are the main biogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) contributing to the global warming potential (GWP) of agro-ecosystems. Evaluating the impact of agriculture on climate thus requires a capacity to predict the net exchanges of these gases in an integrated manner, as related to environmental conditions 5 and crop management. Here, we used two year-round data s...

Environmental risks resulting from increasing application of herbicides have raised many concerns about human health and safety of agro ecosystems and environment. Hence, it is very important to find practical and effective methods for reducing the use of pesticides in environment as well as the increasing the efficiency of these compounds. Addition of adjuvants to spray solutions could be cons...

Rapid population growth, increasingly complex economies and novel industrial uses of agricultural products call for further intensification of agriculture, particularly in the tropics. How to achieve sustainable intensification of food production systems in tropical regions that are challenged by ongoing climate change, loss of natural resources and biodiversity is a matter of debate. Here we h...

generalized interactions flexible acquaintances/interactions reactive capabilities pro-active capabilities

Attempts to increase food crop yields by intensifying agricultural systems using high inputs of nonrenewable resources and chemicals frequently lead to de-gradation of natural resources, whereas most technological innovations are not accessible for smallholders that represent the majority of farmers world wide. Alternatively, cocultures consisting of assemblages of plant and animal species can ...