in this paper we investigated effect of economic uncertainty on money demand function of iran during(1352-1386). at first by using a general equilibrium theory it is shown that in spite of the existence of economic uncertainties, most of agents who are risk-averse consider these uncertainties when constitute their port folio. they consider money demand is a function of income, interest rate and...

I argue that the gap between consumer price index (CPI) inflation and actual inflation varies systematically across the business cycle. CPI inflation is the change in expenditure required to afford a fixed basket of varieties. Actual inflation is the change in minimum expenditure required to afford a given level of utility. In a New Keynesian model with variety entry and exit and sticky prices,...

In an influential paper, Aoki (2001) used a closed-economy setup with two sectors – with flexible and sticky prices, respectively – to conclude that it is optimal for inflationtargeting central banks to react only to the inflation rate of the sector with the highest degree of price rigidity. Aoki’s paper also implies that targeting aggregate “average” indices such as the Consumer Price Index (C...

iran’s economy is recognizes as a high inflationary country (for near almost all years after islamic revelation)  which is suffered to external shocks such as external  conflict interactions (for example war and sanctions) and   oil price shocks. therefore, analysis and estimation of money demand in iran should consider above issues in order to have efficient  money supply  policy. this paper, ...

a total of 260709 monthly test day milk records of 30903 first lactation holstein cows was used to determine the best function to describe the lactation curve. the records were obtained from first lactation holstein of 216 herds from 1988 to 2006 in khorasan province. the functions used in current study were wood’s incomplete gamma function, ali and schaeffer function, and legendre function of ...

using quarterly data from 2002:1 to 2013:2 we study the persistence in the inflation rates in iran based on the total cpi and the cpi in 12 subgroups. the persistence is investigated using two different tools: (i) the adf unit root test and (ii) bootstrap confidence intervals. we calculate a 90% confidence interval for the sum of the autoregressive coefficients, as a measure of persistence, usi...