in the present study the effects of both cck receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evaluated. m orphine induced dose-dependent antinociception in mice. the response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8s) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8u). the cck receptor antagonists mk-329 and l-365, ...

backgrounds: all of long-acting β2-agonists are beneficial in maintenance treatment of asthma but their use in relieving acute asthma attacks is not well known. the aim of this study was to compare rapid bronchodilatory effects of salmeterol and formoterol in patient with moderate to severe asthma. methods: it was a randomized, double blind, cross-over study on 60 patients with moderate to seve...

objective: despite the strong relationship between sugars, mutans streptococcilevels and caries, relatively, little research has been carried out on one of the factors that may influ-ence sugar intake; namely sweet preference. the objective of the present study was to ex-plore the association between sweet preference and the levels of dental caries in 6-12 year-old schoolchildren in hamedan. ma...

pyknodysostosis is a rare bone disease that has autosomal dominant trait. it is characterized by short stature, diffuse osteosclerosis, acro-osteolysis, finger, and nail abnormalities. other features include open fontanelles and sutures, relative proptosis and obtuse mandibular gonial angle with relative mandibular prognathism. intraoral features such as dental abnormalities also have been repo...

background and aims: one of the major causes of acute diarrhea in children during the cold season in iran is infection by rotavirus. children infected with rotavirus often require hospitalization. several studies on human and animals have shown that enterotoxigenic escherichia.coli and rotavirus are the most common coinfection causing diarrhea. there are other reports indicating occurrence of r...

conclusions basidomes collected from four locations in thailand had low genetic variation and their extracts inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria. the health benefits of this edible species should be evaluated further. background boletus griseipurpureus corner, an edible mushroom, is a putative ectomycorrhizal fungus. currently, the taxonomic boundary of this mushroom is unclear and its ...

results the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol with ciprofloxacin showed synergistic inhibitory effect on the p. aeruginosa biofilm formation. the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem showed synergistic inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation. furthermore, the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol, imipenem and ceftazidime did not show any synergisti...

conclusions these extracts can be used as antibacterial agents in treating infectious diseases. further studies are needed for considering this plant as an antibacterial plant and benefit from its clinical applications for routine use. background tagetes genus contains 56 species and is native in north and south america, but some have become widespread around the world. objectives this study wa...

peperomia pellucida leaf extract was characterized for its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, and chemical compositions. anticancer activity of p. pellucida leaf extract was determined through colorimetric mtt (tetrazolium) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (mcf-7) cell line and the antimicrobial property of the plant extract was revealed by using two-fold broth micro-di...

antibiotic guidelines have proven to be a simple and effective intervention to guide the choice of appropriate empiric antibiotic regimens. the goals of this study were to evaluate adherence to guidelines and streamlining of antibiotics. hospital records of hospitalized patients in infectious diseases ward imam khomeini hospital, tehran, iran, from may 2008 to september 2009 were reviewed. adhe...