Normalization of case data 2 The bottom right of Figure 1 shows a bar plot of the cumulative sum, for each age, of all 3 laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 in 2009; it does not take the age structure of the population 4 into account. We investigated the potential effects of age structure on the shape of the bar 5 plot. Figure 5 compares the total incidence across age (panel a) with per capita incidence...

MRAG Americas, P.O.B. 1410, Capitola, CA 95010, United States Center for Stock Assessment Research, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States c Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States d Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Califor...

In making comparisons of the mortality of different occupational groups, it is essential to allow for differences in the age distributions of the groups. The principle of "standardizing" for age is long established. Each of the two conventional methods, direct and indirect, leads to a "Standardized Mortality Ratio" (S.M.R.) which is a weighted average of the ratios of the death rates, by ages, ...

Quantitative tests of historical hypotheses are necessary to advance our understanding of biogeographic patterns of species distributions, but direct tests are often hampered by incomplete fossil or historical records. Here we present an alternative approach in which we develop a dynamic model that allows us to test hypotheses about regional rates of taxon origination, extinction, and dispersal...

PURPOSE: There is evidence that internalized stigma significantly impacts the lives of people with severe mental illness. Nevertheless, there is little data on the prevalence of clinically significant internalized stigma. This study investigated the current prevalence and demographic correlates of significantly elevated levels of internalized stigma in two samples of people with severe mental i...

We present a formulation of branching and aging processes that allows age distributions along lineages to be studied within populations, and provides a new interpretation of classical results in the theory of aging. We establish a variational principle for the stable age distribution along lineages. Using this optimal lineage principle, we show that the response of a population's growth rate to...

This article highlights some of the causes underlying differences in disability allowances by sex and race. Among the causes are differences in labor-force patterns, the educational background, and the age distributions of the insured and applicant populations. More than half of the differences between the black and white applicants in the proportion of claims allowed is explained by difference...

Introduction: Investigation trend of age distribution can be helpful for policymakers to predict the potential challenges of health care systems in order to improve responsibilities to future health needs. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the trend of age distribution in the EMRO region in order to determine future health policy requirements. <str...

This paper assesses the effectiveness of child safety seat laws in the United States. Over the past 35 years, these laws have steadily increased mandatory child safety seat restraint ages. We exploit state-year level variation in the age until which children are required to ride in child safety seats to estimate triple difference models using Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data from ...

This paper studies the value of …rms and their hiring and …ring decisions in an environment where the productivity of the workers depends on how well they match with their co-workers and the …rm acts as a coordinating device. Match quality derives from a production technology whereby workers are randomly located on the Salop circle, and depends negatively on the distance between the workers. It...