BACKGROUND Although Iran is reported to be an endemic country for hepatitis E virus (HEV), data on the prevalence of HEV infection among pregnant women are scarce and the epidemiology of HEV is unknown in most parts of the country. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors and genotypic pattern of HEV infection among pregnant women resident in the northern sh...

Against the backdrop of their collective identity, identity formation poses a special challenge to young Alevis and Afghan Christians. In Turkey, constitute marginalized group not officially recognized by state. Afghanistan, conversion Christendom is denounced as apostasy punished with death. This contribution compares coping strategies two adults who are radically segregated state’s majority d...

Background: Unawareness and inappropriate attitude toward hepatitis B can expose healthy people, especially immigrants, to a higher risk of hepatitis B transmission. The present study aimed to determine the effect of hepatitis B prevention education by face-to-face and distance training on the knowledge and attitude of Afghan immigrant students. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was co...

In five patients, a 46-year-old Surinamese man, a 45-year-old Dutch barkeeper, a 41-year-old woman from Eritrea, and an 18-year-old Afghan woman and her 43-year-old mother, tuberculosis was diagnosed and treated after a considerable delay. Such a late diagnosis and subsequent treatment is not uncommon for tuberculosis as the symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging techniques a...

The integration process for immigrants is a multi-dimensional concept, influenced by wide range of structural and individual factors, including social connections that make in the host society. An important part this connection can be developed with other co-nation within immigrant community. However, sometimes challenging due to divisions might exist communities. Drawing on data mixed-method d...