in the present research, friction stir welding (fsw) process was used for butt joining of pure copper plate to 316l stainless steel plate. mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the joint were evaluated by microhardness and tensile tests as well as optical and scanning electron microscope (sem). it was found that microstructure of the weld nugget (wn) has fine grains where...

Understanding the behavior of ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) against oxidation is particular importance in high-temperature applications. In this study, ZrB2–SiC–HfB2 UHTC composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method at different temperatures, times, and pressures to investigate effects process variables on their resistance. Before tests, as-sintered samples contai...

Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) is the area on a weldment mostly affected by intensity of applied heat without melting. This deteriorates faster due to microstructural changes that occur during welding operations. Weld structural failures can be catastrophic and unpredictable at times. When there no loss human life involved, damages as result weld failure usually takes more time cost repair/replace. F...