To evaluate the renal toxicity of dietary aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and ameliorating effects of added dietary sodium selenite in broiler, renal histopathological changes, ultrastructural changes, and renal function parameters were monitored at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Two hundred one-day-old healthy male Avian broilers were divided into four groups, namely control group, AFB₁ group (0.3 mg/kg AFB₁)...

The use of a liquid culture system such as MGIT broth has greatly improved the sensitivity of isolating mycobacteria in clinical laboratories. Microscopic visualization of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in the culture positive MGIT broth remains the first routine step for rapidly indicating the presence of mycobacteria. We modified an ultraviolet (UV) light fixation process to increase AFB cells adher...

Metabolic activation of the hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) results in the covalent attachment of AFB(1) to serum albumin. Digestion of adducted albumin releases AFB(1)-lysine, a biomarker of exposure status. AF-albumin adducts have been most frequently measured in precipitated serum albumin using an immunoassay (ELISA); however, a sensitive and specific isotope dilution ma...

Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is commonly found in cereals and animal feeds and causes a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. Several microbial isolates with high AFB(1) transformation ability have been identified in our previous studies. The aim of this research was to characterize one of those isolates, Myxococcus fulvus ANSM068, and to explore its biotransformation mechan...

The central representation of a given acoustic motif is thought to be strongly context dependent, i.e., to rely on the spectrotemporal past and present of the acoustic mixture in which it is embedded. The present study investigated the cortical representation of spectral edges (i.e., where stimulus energy changes abruptly over frequency) and its dependence on stimulus duration and depth of the ...

Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), the most potent member of the aflatoxin family of hepatocarcinogens, upon metabolic activation reacts with DNA and forms a population of covalent adducts. The most prevalent adduct, 8,9-dihydro-8-(N(7)-guanyl-)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin (AFB(1)-N(7)-dG), as well as the AFB(1) formamidopyrimidine adduct (AFB(1)-FAPY), resulting from imidazole ring opening of the major adduct, a...

The guanine N7 adduct of aflatoxin B(1) exo-8,9-epoxide hydrolyzes to form the formamidopyrimidine (AFB-FAPY) adduct, which interconverts between alpha and beta anomers. The beta anomer is highly mutagenic in Escherichia coli, producing G --> T transversions; it thermally stabilizes the DNA duplex. The AFB-alpha-FAPY adduct blocks replication; it destabilizes the DNA duplex. Herein, the structu...

A competitive colorimetric immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB) has been established using biofunctionalized magnetic beads (MBs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Aflatoxin B1-bovine serum albumin conjugates (AFB-BSA) modified MBs were employed as capture probe, which could specifically bind with GNP-labeled anti-AFB antibodies through immunoreaction, while such specific binding wa...

Epidemiological studies suggest that aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), a mycotoxin produced by certain Aspergillus species, may play a role in human respiratory cancers in occupationally-exposed individuals. AFB(1) requires bioactivation to the corresponding exo-8,9-epoxide for carcinogenicity, and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of the epoxide with glutathione (GSH) is a critical ...