The goal of language programs is to utilize language for effective communication. Due to the needs, interests, and motivations of language learners, they may show individual differences in their lan- guage learning. Materials used in language programs can be instructional, experiential, elucidative, or exploratory in that they can inform learners about the language, provide experience of the la...

371 2013 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A Julian M. Allwood, Michael F. Ashby, Timothy G. Gutowski and Ernst Worrell with less material production Material efficiency: providing material services References html#related-urls http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/371/1986/20120496.full. Article cited in: 96.full.html#ref-list-1 http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/371/1986/201204 This a...

Material efficiency, as discussed in this Meeting Issue, entails the pursuit of the technical strategies, business models, consumer preferences and policy instruments that would lead to a substantial reduction in the production of high-volume energy-intensive materials required to deliver human well-being. This paper, which introduces a Discussion Meeting Issue on the topic of material efficien...

it has been observed that most of the chemical entities have high lipophilicity and poor aqueous solubility, which result in poor bioavailability. in order to improve the bioavailability, the release behavior of such drugs should be improved. although there are numerous techniques to handle solubility related issue, but they are expensive due to involvement of complicated equipments, advanced m...

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introduction: biocompatibility is a desirable feature for root-end filling materials. in this study we aimed to compare a new material called cold ceramic (cc) with intermediate restorative material (irm) and mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) using methyl-tetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay. materials and methods: the materials were tested in fresh and set states: (n=108). the cytotoxicity was compa...

by virtue of a complete set of two displacement potentials, an analytical derivation of the elastostatic green’s functions of an exponentially graded transversely isotropic bi-material full-space was presented. three-dimensional point-load green’s functions for stresses and displacements were given in line-integral representations. the formulation included a complete set of transformed stress-p...