IL-18 is a pleiotropic cytokine also proposed to have a role in modulating immune function during stress. Initially found in immune cells, IL-18 mRNA is detectable in several tissues including the cells of the zona reticularis and the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, where its levels are elevated by acute stress or adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment. In the present study, we compared ...

The melanocortin-2-receptor (MC2R)/MC2R accessory protein (MRAP) complex is critical to the production of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. Inactivating mutations in either MC2R or MRAP result in the clinical condition familial glucocorticoid deficiency. The localisation of MC2R together with MRAP within the adrenal gland has not previously been reported. Furthermore, MRAP2, a paralogue ...

In order to determine whether or not alpha-adrenoceptors are present in adrenal glands, radioligand receptor binding assay was performed in both Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and human adrenal gland membranes. Radioligand binding assay using 3H-prazosin as an alpha 1-adrenoceptor ligand and 3H-yohimbine as an alpha 2-adrenoceptor ligand, clearly demonstrated alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors present in b...

Background: Adrenal gland is an important endocrine that secrets several hormones play a key role in the adaptation of newborn to extra uterine life. The study was conducted explore histomorphological development adrenal glands Gohilwadi Goat (Capra hircus). Methods: research work carried out on twenty pair goat collected from local abattoir. animals were divided into three age groups, viz. gro...

Chronic stress by immobilization during gestation can alter several mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in adrenal gland. The aim of this work was to quantify the apoptotic index of adrenal cortex during mid-pregnancy and to prove cytological characteristics by electron microscopy. The apoptotic index did not present significant differences between the adrenal cortex areas of control and exper...

Extrarenal renin has been identified in a number of tissues, including the brain, the submaxillary gland, uterus, ovary, vascular endothelium, testes, pituitary gland, and the adrenal cortex. In some tissues, including the adrenal cortex, all of the components of the renin-angiotensin system have been identified; however, no specific physiologic role has been clearly demonstrated for these extr...

The adrenal gland is composed of two ontogenetically and functionally distinct t issues, the medulla and the cortex. The cortex, the subject of the present art icle, forms the major part of the murine gland and is further organized into three concentric layers: the outer zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the innermost X-zone. Specific hormonal production is finely tuned in t ime and sp...

Developmental signalling pathways are implicated in the formation and maintenance of the adrenal gland, but their roles are currently not well defined. In recent years it has emerged that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt/β catenin signalling are crucial for the growth and development of the adrenal cortex. Here we demonstrate that Fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr) 2 isoforms IIIb and IIIc ar...

abstract adrenal gland cysts are rare indications of adrenal diseases, which are commonly asymptomatic. in radiological studies, these cysts, known as incidentalomas, are often detected by coincidence accounting for 6% of the population. adrenal incidentalomas are commonly detected, and autonomous cortisol hypersecretion is the most prevalent abnormality associated with these masses. since this...

The adrenal glands are comprised of two distinct endocrine organs: the outer cortex, which is derived from mesoderm and synthesizes steroid hormones, and the inner medulla, which contains neuroectodermal cells derived from the neural crest and produces the catecholamine hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine. The developmental program that gives rise to the adrenal gland begins early during em...