In 2001, the American Joint Committee on Cancer Melanoma Staging Committee proposed and created a new staging system for melanoma. This new system will become official in 2002, with the publication of the sixth edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. The new system identifies significant prognostic variables in patients with melanoma and validates them in an analysis of 17,600 patients, maki...

Systemic adjuvant therapy has proven highly effective at reducing recurrences and deaths in patients who have received primary therapy for early breast cancer. However, as with all treatments, adjuvant therapy can cause unwanted side effects, and effective management of these events is essential to ensure that patients comply with, and continue, treatment. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is not asso...

Clinical parameters can be used to identify patients at greatest risk for recurrence following nephrectomy for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Molecular tools are being developed to improve risk stratification. An increasing list of available treatments for metastatic RCC continues to provide hope that an effective adjuvant therapy will be identified for patients with high-risk...

BACKGROUND The association of isolated tumor cells and micrometastases in regional lymph nodes with the clinical outcome of breast cancer is unclear. METHODS We identified all patients in The Netherlands who underwent a sentinel-node biopsy for breast cancer before 2006 and had breast cancer with favorable primary-tumor characteristics and isolated tumor cells or micrometastases in the region...

Introduction: Since surgical treatment for tumorous lesions does not always lead to complete patient recovery, it is possible for the attacks to continue. To help plan for the patients' health, this study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of adjuvant therapy and surgery in controlling seizure of low-grade glioma (LGG) patients in Firoozgar Hospital in 2013-2014. Methods: In this analyti...

Molecular pathology for cholangiocarcinoma: a review of actionable genetic targets and their relevance to adjuvant & neoadjuvant therapy, staging, follow-up, determination minimal residual disease

Adjuvant high dose IVIgs are being used increasingly in a range of immune-mediated and auto-immune diseases. Although numerous immunomodulatory mechanisms have been suggested, the exact mechanisms of action are poorly understood. The efficacy of IVIg in certain diseases has been proven in clinical trials, in so far as IVIg is approved as the therapy of choice for Kawasaki syndrome and idiopathi...

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are becoming more widely used than tamoxifen as adjuvant hormonal therapy for postmenopausal women (PMW) with early breast cancer (EBC). It is clear that these drugs offer important efficacy benefits over tamoxifen and differ from tamoxifen in their safety profile. The accepted strategies for adjuvant AI therapy include initial adjuvant treatment following surgery, sw...

Postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a negative impact on long-term survival. According to available evidence, many systemic untargeted agents are ineffective as adjuvant therapy to prevent the recurrence of HCC following curative resection. Interferon α has potential effectiveness as adjuvant therapy for HCC in the presence of underlying conditions such as HBV or HCV ...