This paper addresses state-space realizations for nonlinear adjoint operators. In particular the relationship among nonlinear Hilbert adjoint operators, Hamiltonian extensions and port-controlled Hamiltonian systems are clarified. The characterization of controllability, observability and Hankel operators, and controllability and observability functions will be derived based on it. Furthermore ...

The eigenvalues of a self-adjoint n×n matrix A can be put into a decreasing sequence λ = (λ1, . . . , λn), with repetitions according to multiplicity, and the diagonal of A is a point of R that bears some relation to λ. The Schur-Horn theorem characterizes that relation in terms of a system of linear inequalities. We prove an extension of the latter result for positive trace-class operators on ...

A new characterization of the positive self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators, T0, is presented, which is based on the Friedrichs extension of T0, a direct sum decomposition of domain of the adjoint T ∗ 0 and the boundary mapping of T ∗ 0 . In applying this result to ordinary differential equations, we characterize all positive self-adjoint extensions of symmetric regular differential o...