By exposing to NaClO aqueous solution (commercial bleach), NiBr2 is transformed quantitatively into an insoluble nickel oxide hydroxide species. This compound contains large surface area and is a beneficial heterogeneous catalyst for oxidizing numerous organic materials. The oxidation of aldehydes and primary alcohols to carboxylic acids and secondary alcohols to ketones is showed wi...

Living organisms have adapted to atmospheric dioxygen by exploiting its oxidizing power while protecting themselves against toxic side effects. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed during oxidative stress, as well as high-potential reactive intermediates formed during enzymatic catalysis, could rapidly and irreversibly damage polypeptides were protective mechanisms not available. Chains ...

For isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase (IsoOr), the reaction mechanism under turnover conditions was studied by EPR spectroscopy using rapid-freeze methods. IsoOr displays several EPR-active Mo(V) species including the "very rapid" component found also in xanthine oxidase (XanOx). For IsoOr, unlike XanOx or quinoline 2-oxidoreductase (QuinOr), this species is stable for about 1 h in the absence of a...

The atmosphere is an oxidizing medium. Many environmentally important trace gases emitted from the Earth’s surface are removed from the atmosphere by oxidation. The list includes methane and other organic compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur gases (Table 1). Understanding the processes and rates by which species are oxidized in the atmosphere, i.e., the oxidizing power of the...

Activity of nitrification inhibitors to several typical ammonia-oxidizing bacteria isolated recently, i. e. Nitrosococcus, Nitrosolobus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira and Nitrosovibrio species was assayed using 2-amino-4-methyl-trichloromethyl-1,3,5-triazine (MAST), 2-amino-4-tribromomethyl-6-trichloromethyl-1,3,5-triazine (Br-MAST), 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (nitrapyrin) and others, and ...

Free radicals are species with one or more unpaired electrons. The unpaired electron results in a species that is often highly reactive. Free radicals have a wide range of reactions; two broad classes of reactions are electron transfer and addition reactions resulting in covalent bond formation. Free radicals can be classified as reducing (donating an electron to an acceptor) or oxidizing (acce...

Frank, Leonard (The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md.). Proline metabolism in Escherichia coli. II. Regulation of total growth of a proline auxotroph by a proline-oxidizing system. J. Bacteriol. 86:781-784. 1963.-With a simple kinetic model, it was shown that a proline-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli was subject to growth limitation on proline by ...

Rhizobial FixK-like proteins play essential roles in activating genes for endosymbiotic life in legume root nodules, such as genes for micro-oxic respiration. In the facultative soybean symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, the FixK(2) protein is the key player in a complex regulatory network. The fixK(2) gene itself is activated by the 2-component regulatory system FixLJ in response to a moderat...

Oxidation of the heme-thiolate enzyme chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago with peroxynitrite (PN) gave the Compound II intermediate, which was photo-oxidized with 365 nm light to give a reactive oxidizing species. Cryo-solvents at pH ≈ 6 were employed, and reactions were conducted at temperatures as low as -50° C. The activity of CPO as evaluated by the chlorodimedone assay was una...