Understanding toothed whale (odontocete) diving gas dynamics is important given the recent atypical mass strandings of odontocetes (particularly beaked whales) associated with mid-frequency naval sonar. Some stranded whales have exhibited gas emboli (pathologies resembling decompression sickness) in their specialized intramandibular and extramandibular fat bodies used for echolocation and heari...

Description colorless gas Molecular formula CH2O Molecular weight 30.03 Density 0.815 g/L @ -20°C Boiling point -19.5°C Melting point -92°C Vapor pressure 3883 mm Hg @ 25°C (Howard, 1989) Flashpoint 300° C or 573°F Explosive limits upper = 73% lower = 7% Solubility soluble in water, alcohol, ether, other polar solvents Odor threshold 0.05-0.5 ppm Odor description very pungent odor; straw-like M...

The Viewpoint by Ran Arieli published below addresses the topic of the physiology of “mixed-gas diving.” You are invited to submit a brief commentary on this Viewpoint, which will be reviewed by Journal editors for possible publication in the Journal of Applied Physiology. Please limit your comment to 250 words and 5 peer-reviewed published references. NON-AIR OR MIXED-GAS DIVING was developed ...

The Hildebrand's solubility parameters have been calculated for 18 ionic liquids from the inverse gas chromatography measurements of the activity coefficients at infinite dilution. Retention data were used for the calculation. The solubility parameters are helpful for the prediction of the solubility in the binary solvent mixtures. From the solubility parameters, the standard enthalpies of vapo...

At low pressures, the solubility of gases in liquids is governed by Henry's law, which states that the saturated solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. As the pressure increases, most gases depart from this ideal behavior in a sublinear fashion, leveling off at pressures in the 1- to 5-kbar (0.1 to 0.5 GPa) range with solubilities of less than 1 mole...

Rates of dry deposition of gases to surface water vary by orders of magnitude depending on the concentration of the gas in the surface water and on the solubility and aqueous-phase reaction kinetics of the depositing gas. For nonreactive gases the key property is the Henry's law solubility. For reactive gases the deposition flux can be quantitatively related to the chemical reaction rate for kn...

aerosol A colloidal dispersion of liquid particles in a gas, e.g., SO2, which will react with the OH radical in the atmosphere to form tiny droplets of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). hazard In a volcanic context, hazard refers to the phenomena produced by a volcanic event and is directly related to Risk, where Risk1⁄4Hazard Vulnerability, with vulnerability referring to the consequences for population ...

A multiphase chemistry model coupled with a quasi-spectral microphysical model has been applied to measurements from the European CIME campaign to quantify the formation of the strong acids nitrate and sulfate, and to evaluate the role of microphysical processes in redistributing reactive species among the different phases (gas versus cloud and/or rain). Significant formation of nitrate and sul...

In this paper we investigate the solubility of a hard-sphere gas in a solvent modeled as an associating lattice gas. The solution phase diagram for solute at 5% is compared with the phase diagram of the original solute free model. Model properties are investigated both through Monte Carlo simulations and a cluster approximation. The model solubility is computed via simulations and is shown to e...