The involvement of increased brain tissue CO2 tension in acetazolamide-induced brain acidosis was investigated by comparing the brain pH response to acetazolamide with that to hypercapnia. CO2 and pH sensors were placed bilaterally into cerebral white matter to 15 mm depth in cats. Group 1 cats (n = 9) breathed spontaneously, and in situ brain tissue PCO2, and pH (PbCO2 and pHb) were measured a...

Case A 61-year-old man was diagnosed with severe chest trauma after a car accident and had had difficulty in weaning from a ventilator because of flail chest and dilated cardiomyopathy. On the 17th day in the intensive care unit, he received i.v. acetazolamide to increase urine output. One hour after the injection, he suddenly developed severe hypoxia. Chest radiography revealed a butterfly sha...

Blood gases and red cell 2,3 DPG concentrations were measured during ascent and a stay for 6 days at 4846 m in 20 subjects. Acetazolamide improved Pa,O2 and reduced pH and Pa,CO2. 2,3 DPG concentrations were lower in the acetazolamide group during ascent and at high altitude. However, 2,3 DPG concentrations were significantly greater at high altitude in both the acetazolamide and placebo groups...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Perfusion CT (PCT) has the ability to measure quantitative values and produce maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT). We assessed cerebral hemodynamics by using these parameters and acetazolamide challenge in patients with cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease. METHODS Fifteen patients underwent PCT with acetazolami...

OBJECTIVE It has been proposed that cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to acetazolamide may be reduced according to the degree of autoregulatory vasodilation in regions with normal oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), whereas the CBF response may be absent in regions with increased OEF where vasodilation may be maximal in response to reduced perfusion pressure. The objective of this study was to t...

In order to find out the relationship between the cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity and platelet function in asymptomatic cerebral thrombosis, 10 cases of asymptomatic cerebral infarction and 10 age-matched control subjects were studied. The cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity was measured using xenon computed tomography method. As markers of platelet function, the plasma concentrat...

in this study, we examined the role of early acetazolamide administration in reducing the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) leakage in patients with a high risk of permanent csf leakage. in a randomised clinical trial, 57 patients with a high risk of permanent csf leakage (rhinorrhea, otorrhea, pneumatocele or imaging-based evidence of severe skull-base fracture) were analysed. in the experimen...

Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is used orally in the treatment of primary and secondary open-angle glaucoma and induces ocular and cerebral vasodilation. Several in vitro studies have shown that carbonic anhydrase pharmacology and thel-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway are closely related. We investigated the role of NO in acetazolamide-induced vasodilation on cerebral and ocul...

Acetazolamide is used to prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS). We assessed efficacy and harm of acetazolamide for the prevention of AMS, and tested for dose-responsiveness. We systematically searched electronic databases (until April 2011) for randomized trials comparing acetazolamide with placebo for the prevention of AMS. For each dose, risk ratios were aggregated using a Mantel-Haenszel fix...

Acetazolamide is the standard carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor used for acute mountain sickness (AMS), however some of its undesirable effects are related to intracellular penetrance into many tissues, including across the blood-brain barrier. Benzolamide is a much more hydrophilic inhibitor, which nonetheless retains a strong renal action to engender a metabolic acidosis and ventilatory stimu...