Encysted embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana are able to survive prolonged periods of anoxia even when fully hydrated. During this time there is no metabolism, raising the question of how embryos tolerate spontaneous, hydrolytic DNA damage such as depurination. When incubated at 28 degrees C and 40 degrees C for several weeks, hydrated anoxic embryos were found to accumulate abasic ...

This survey was performed to characterize the embryogenesis of Prochilodus lineatus. Seven stages of embryo development were identified--zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, larval and hatching--after a period of incubation of 22 h (24 degrees C) or 14 h (28 degrees C). The following cleavage pattern was identified: the first plane was vertical (2 blastomeres); the second was ver...

How fluctuating temperatures influence reptilian embryos and hatchlings has attracted increasing scientific attention, but is poorly known. We conducted an incubation experiment with a factorial design of two mean temperatures (24 vs. 28 degrees C) and three diel thermal fluctuations (0, +/-3, +/-6 degrees C) to determine the effects of diel thermal fluctuations and mean temperature on incubati...

To investigate the dynamic control of cardiac ATP synthesis, we simultaneously determined the time course of mitochondrial oxygen consumption with the time course of changes in high-energy phosphates following steps in cardiac energy demand. Isolated isovolumically contracting rabbit hearts were perfused with Tyrode's solution at 28 degrees C (n = 7) or at 37 degrees C (n = 7). Coronary arteria...

Effects of elevated root zone (RZ) CO(2) and air temperature on photosynthesis, productivity, nitrate (NO(3)(-)), and total reduced nitrogen (N) content in aeroponically grown lettuce plants were studied. Three weeks after transplanting, four different RZ [CO(2)] concentrations [ambient (360 ppm) and elevated concentrations of 2000, 10,000, and 50,000 ppm] were imposed on plants grown at two ai...

We have examined the ability of misonidazole (MISO) or etanidazole (ETA) to improve the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin (CDDP), hyperthermia, and radiation in the FSaIIC murine fibrosarcoma. A growth delay of about 25 days was produced with CDDP (5 mg/kg) and hyperthermia (43 degrees C, 30 min) prior to radiation (3 Gy daily for 5 days) on day 1. The addition of MISO (1 g/kg) on day 1 resulted ...

Cold-induced vasoconstriction in cutaneous blood vessels is mediated in part by increased activity of vascular smooth muscle alpha2-adrenoceptors (VSM alpha2-ARs). In mouse cutaneous arteries, alpha2C-ARs are normally silent at 37 degrees C but mediate cold-induced augmentation of alpha2-AR responsiveness. In transfected HEK293 cells, this functional rescue is mediated by cold-induced transloca...

The Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean) experienced warm summers in 1998, 1999 and from 2003 to 2005. The temperature was 1-3 degrees C higher than the mean summer value (24 degrees C) and remained high over a long period. During these summers, mass-mortality events, affecting several sessile benthic species, were reported. In the present study, we tested the long-term (3-7 weeks) effect of differe...