The development of new implantable medical devices has been limited in the past by slow advances in lithium battery technology. Non-enzymatic glucose fuel cells are promising replacement candidates for lithium batteries because of good long-term stability and adequate power density. The devices developed to date however use an "oxygen depletion design" whereby the electrodes are stacked on top ...

It was suggested in a previous study that cells of Acinetobacter venetianus VE-C3 adhere to diesel fuel by synthesizing a capsular polysaccharide containing glucose and/or mannose. To study the fine structure of cells and localization of bacterial polysaccharide in the presence of diesel fuel, two lectins were used: ConA, an agglutinin from Canavalia ensiformis specific for mannose and/or gluco...

The design, fabrication and characterization of an inorganic catalyst based direct glucose fuel cell using mesoporous silica coating as a functional membrane is reported. The desired use of mesoporous silica based direct glucose fuel cell is for a blood vessel implantable device. Blood vessel implantable direct glucose fuel cells have access to higher continuous glucose concentrations. However,...

A full biphasic insulin response is the most sensitive index for well-coupled beta-cell signal transduction. While first-phase insulin response is extremely sensitive to potentiating and inhibiting modulations, full expression of second-phase response requires near maximally activated beta-cell fuel metabolism. In the isolated rat pancreas, accelerated calcium entry or activation of protein kin...

Introduction Randle’s original idea of a signal function of fuel metabolism for the initiation of insulin secretion by glucose is now generally accepted (for review see [ 13); in the pancreatic B-cell glucose is both a fuel and, at millimolar concentrations, a physiological stimulus for insulin secretion and insulin biosynthesis. The device in the pancreatic B-cell, which translates changes in ...

Exploiting electrocatalysts with high activity for glucose oxidation is of central importance for practical applications such as glucose fuel cell. Pt-decorated nanoporous gold (NPG-Pt), created by depositing a thin layer of Pt on NPG surface, was proposed as an active electrode for glucose electrooxidation in neutral and alkaline solutions. The structure and surface properties of NPG-Pt were c...

to simulate a new economical architecture for pem fuel cell and investigate the effectiveness of the introduced structure on the performance, computational fluid dynamics (cfd) code is used to solve the equations for a single domain of the cell namely: the flow field, the mass conservation, the energy conservation, the species transport, and the electric/ionic fields under the assumptions of st...

in this study, a sodalite nanozeolite was synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd) and scanning electronic microscopy (sem). following the morphology evolution of the sodalite nanozeolite in the sem images illustrates the formation of the spherical particle with a size between 60 and 80 nm. then, carbon paste electrode (cpe) was modified by sodalite nanozeolite and ni2+ ions. th...

Hypoglycemia commonly causes brain fuel deprivation, resulting in functional brain failure, which can be corrected by raising plasma glucose concentrations. Rarely, profound hypoglycemia causes brain death that is not the result of fuel deprivation per se. In this issue of the JCI, Suh and colleagues use cell culture and in vivo rodent studies of glucose deprivation and marked hypoglycemia and ...

Bacteria, fungi and protozoa inhabiting the rumen, the largest chamber of the ruminants' stomach, release large quantities of hydrogen during the fermentation of carbohydrates. The hydrogen is used by coexisting methanogens to produce methane in energy-yielding processes. This work shows, for the first time, a fundamental possibility of using a hydrogen-rich fermentation gas produced by selecte...