The occurrence of chromosome aberrations was studied in short-term cultured lymphocytes from nine workers exposed to arsenic at the Rönnskär smeltery in northern Sweden. In the smelter workers, 87 aberrations were found in 819 mitoses. The number of aberrations varied individually from 0 to 25 aberrations per 100 cells. In a control material 13 aberrations were found in 1012 mitoses. The freque...

VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. Sign Conventions Aberration-Free Image Spherical Wavefront, Defocus, and Lateral Shift Angular, Transverse, and Longitudinal Aberration Seidel Aberrations A. Spherical Aberration B. Coma C. Astigmatism D. Field Curvature E. Distortion Zernike Polynomials Relationship between Zernike Polynomials and Third-Order Aberrations Peak-to-Valley and RMS Wavefront Aberration Strehl ...

The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was studied in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 65 radiology technologists CRT) working at hospitals chronically exposed to x-rays. Although film dosimetry did not show the maximal annual permitted dose in any of the examined subjects, cytogenetic analysis detected fairly high levels of chromosomal aberrations in R T compared to unexposed controls...

Lower order aberrations are another way to describe refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, correctible with glasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery. Lower order aberrations is a term used in wavefront technology to describe second-order Zernike polynomials. Second-order Zernike terms represent the conventional aberrations defocus (myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism). Lower o...

Wavefront aberrations in human eyes were measured with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Based on the measured wavefront aberrations, customized optics, such as phase plates and a customized contact lens, were designed and fabricated to compensate for higher-order wavefront aberrations in human eyes. The fabricated customized optics could successfully correct higherorder aberrations in human e...

We discuss current knowledge about the change of aberrations with aging, cataract surgery, and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. Based on this evidence, we speculate about the long-term expectations for postoperative LASIK eyes in terms of aberrations. Standard myopic LASIK surgery produces a significant increase in aberrations, particularly corneal spherical aberration, which ch...

A review is presented of the seven commonest types colour aberrations in birds together with suggestions for a standardised universal nomenclature to identify and distinguish these aberrations. These are: Leucism (congenital absence melanin-producing cells), Progressive Greying (progressive loss Albino (total melanin due lack key enzyme), Brown (incompletely coloured melanin), Ino (even less co...

PURPOSE To determine if human accommodation uses the eye's own monochromatic aberrations to track dynamic accommodative stimuli. METHODS Wavefront aberrations were measured while subjects monocularly viewed a monochromatic Maltese cross moving sinusoidally around 2D of accommodative demand with 1D amplitude at 0.2 Hz. The amplitude and phase (delay) of the accommodation response were compared...

Wave aberrations degrade the optical quality of the eye relative to the diffraction limit, but there are situations in which having slightly aberrated optics can provide some relative visual benefits. This fact led us to consider whether interactions among aberrations in the eye's wavefront produce an advantage for image quality relative to wavefronts with randomized combinations of aberrations...