BACKGROUND Residency programs commonly use performance on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) developed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) to identify residents who are lagging behind their peers and at risk for failing Part I of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Certifying Examination. This study was designed to investigate the utility of the OITE ...

In order to improve health care efficiency and effectiveness, treatments should provide disease improvement or resolution at a reasonable cost. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) published a guideline for treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in 2009 based on review of the literature up to April 6, 2007. We have now reviewed the material published since then. Through reviewi...

BACKGROUND Large comparative studies that have evaluated long-term functional outcome of operatively treated ankle fractures are lacking. This study was performed to analyse the influence of several combinations of malleolar fractures on long-term functional outcome and development of osteoarthritis. METHODS Retrospective cohort-study on operated (1995-2007) malleolar fractures. Results were ...

BACKGROUND Redox active minerals in dietary supplements can catalyze unwanted and potentially harmful oxidations. METHODS To determine if this occurs in vivo we employed electron paramagnetic (EPR) imaging. We used 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CPH) as a reporter for one-electron oxidations, e.g. free radical-mediated oxidations; the one-electron oxidation product of CPH...

Multiattribute decision-making (MADM) approach is an effective method for handling ambiguous information in a practical situation. The process of the MADM technique has drawn lot interest from various academic and selection processes extensive analysis. aggregation operators (AOs) are best mathematical tools received attention researchers. This article explored theory intuitionistic fuzzy IF se...

Research has linked childhood sexual trauma (CST) with adverse adult outcomes (AAOs) that span physical, psychological, and social domains of functioning. Differences in conceptualizing measuring CST, however, have inhibited the examination trauma-related variables hypothesized to impact outcomes. We used National Sexual Health Survey (NSHS; 1995–1996) data examine chronicity (i.e., duration) A...

When and why was the expert witness program developed? The process began approximately 15 months ago when the Board of Councilors of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) brought the issue of expert witness testimony to our attention. They identified problems that our fellowship has been facing with essentially fraudulent or unethical testimony by expert witnesses on both the defe...

The safety committee of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) recommended in 2009 that clinicians should consider antibiotic prophylaxis for all patients with total joint replacement before any invasive procedure that may cause bacteremia. This has aroused confusion and anger among dentists asking for the evidence. The present review deals with different aspects of the rationale fo...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease found in the elderly. Drug options that are recommended by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon (AAOS) are acetaminophen, NSAIDs, tramadol, capscaicin and intraarticular corticosteroids. However, there is concern for the possible side effects resulting from long term use of those medications. Researchers are searching for ...

BACKGROUND Large osteochondral defects of the talus present a treatment challenge. Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation can be used for large lesions without the donor-site morbidity associated with other procedures such as autologous chondrocyte implantation or osteochondral autograft transfer. The goal of this study was to prospectively evaluate the intermediate outcomes of fresh ost...