This article reports on the implementation of published guidelines for retrofitting tractors with safe access platforms, which were developed to reduce the risk of serious injuries and deaths associated with mounting and dismounting. Farmer interviews and engineering-based inspections of ten retrofitted tractors were conducted to gather information regarding benefits and disadvantages of the re...

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code has been combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) to perform a two-dimensional drag minimization on the base region of tractor trailers. Few studies have been conducted with CFD driven by a GA due to extensive run times and the general non autonomous characteristics of meshing a suitable CFD geometry. This study solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-average...

this study describes the design, construction and calibration of an adjustable three-point hitch dynamometer. the dynamometer frame design was based on an inverted u-shaped frame that was mounted between the tractor links and implement. the dynamometer frame design allows for use in both category i and ii three-point hitch systems because of its flexibility in a lower point hitch spread and mas...

Farmers experience whole-body vibrations when they drive tractors. Among the various factors that influence the vibrations to which the driver is exposed are terrain roughness, tractor speed, tire type and pressure, rear axle width, and tractor seat height above the ground. In this paper the influence of tractor seat height above the ground on the lateral vibrations to which the tractor driver ...

Jackknifing is uncontrolled braking of a truck-trailer combination which causes the trailer rotates relative to tractor and as a result extends to adjacent lanes, causing in many cases sever accidents. In this paper a simple two dimensional model is presented. The model includes parameters such as truck’s and trailer’s dimensions, coefficients of friction, masses, location of the load on the tr...

the majority of existing tractors in iran are not equipped with any tools to measure and display slip and ground speed. this is mainly due to the lack of national standards for measuring tools and instruments of tractors. in current research, an interchangeable system for two wheel drive tractors has been designed. furthermore, it has been assessed after construction. to measure actual and theo...

A small, truck-type slewing crane with a grab was centrally mounted at the front of an 8-ton box-type tipping trailer. The crane and grab were operated by the hydraulic system of the tractor. Attempts to modify the control valves of the crane were not successful and it was concluded that the standard controls supplied for truck-type cranes were not suitable for this purpose. A standard double-a...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas levels were monitored in the human-occupied zone at four spent mushroom compost (SMC) storage sites during removal of SMC for application on agricultural land. During SMC removal operations, H2S gas monitors were mounted on the outside of the tractor positioned at the SMC periphery, and worn by individual tractor drivers. The highest H2S concentrations (10 s average) ...

The aim of this paper and its sequel is to introduce and classify the holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. After a brief historical background, this paper presents and analyses the projective Cartan and Tractor connections, the various structures they can preserve, and their geometric interpretations. Preserved subbundles of the Tractor bundle generate foliations with Ricci-f...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of roll-over protection structures (ROPS) as an engineering control for prevention of fatalities from farm tractor roll-overs. METHODS Using a systematic approach to literature searching, relevant studies from peer-reviewed journals, technical and government reports, and unpublished reports were retrieved. Studi...