In contemporary Chinese, there is a subclass of verbs called Dummy Verbs. After briefly introducing the lexical meanings of two typical dummy verb, ‘Jiayi’ and ‘Jinxing’, this paper discusses the grammatical attributes of ‘Jiayi’ and ‘Jinxing’ in detail and further explores their functions as markers of syntactic constituents and semantic roles.

A vertex that is ready may be fired by sending one chip along each edge, and two chips along each loop. We can visualize the firing two chips through a loop by imagining one chip sent on either connection of the loop to the vertex, so that the two chips pass each other within the loop. The game begins by specifying an initial configuration c0 and repeatedly firing vertices that are ready. The g...

We provide new, concise characterizations of the Banzhaf value on a …xed player set employing just the standard dummy player property and one of the collusion properties suggested by Haller (1994) and Malawski (2002). Within these characterizations, any of the collusion properties can be replaced by additivity and the quarrel property due to the latter author. Journal of Economic Literature Cla...

In this paper, we analyzed parasitic coupling capacitance coming from dummy metal fill and its impact on timing. Based on the modeling, we proposed two approaches to minimize the timing impact from dummy metal fill. The first approach applies more spacing between critical nets and metal fill, while the second approach leverages the shielding effects of reference nets. Experimental results show ...

Preprocessing SAT instances can reduce their size considerably. We combine variable elimination with subsumption and selfsubsuming resolution, and show that these techniques not only shrink the formula further than previous preprocessing efforts based on variable elimination, but also decrease runtime of SAT solvers substantially for typical industrial SAT problems. We discuss critical implemen...

This paper examines the country specific effect of policy reform on infrastructure spending in China and India. In China we have examined how marketization and decentralization has affected the composition of provincial public expenditure and in the case of India we have examined the impact of fiscal reforms on sub-national infrastructure spending. It is observed that in China with a lower mark...

This paper suggests that consistently referring to variables as placeholders is an effective countermeasure for addressing a number of the difficulties students’ encounter in learning mathematics. The suggestion is supported by examples discussing ways in which variables are used to express unknown quantities, define functions and express other universal statements, and serve as generic element...