INTRODUCTION The high crash rate of youthful novice drivers has been recognized for half a century. Over the last decade, graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems, which extend the period of supervised driving and limit the novice's exposure to higher-risk conditions (such as nighttime driving), have effectively reduced crash involvements of novice drivers. METHOD This study used data from th...

Sodium caseinate (NaCAS) is a very useful ingredient in food industry because of its nutritional and functional properties. Acidification produces a gel structure as a result of the dissociation and aggregation of caseinic fractions. Formation of these protein gels can be made by the slow reduction of pH through the addition of glucono-delta-lactone (GDL). Depending on its concentration and tem...

BACKGROUND Providing scalable clinical decision support (CDS) across institutions that use different electronic health record (EHR) systems has been a challenge for medical informatics researchers. The lack of commonly shared EHR models and terminology bindings has been recognised as a major barrier to sharing CDS content among different organisations. The openEHR Guideline Definition Language ...

BACKGROUND Young novice drivers have crash rates higher than any other age group. To address this problem, graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws have been implemented in the United States to require an extended learner permit phase, and create night time driving or passenger restrictions for adolescent drivers. GDL allows adolescents to gain experience driving under low-risk conditions with the...

An analytic robust model is developed for estimating GDL thermal conductivity. The model considers PTFE addition to the GDL. Thermal conductivity of MPL is accurately measured in a compression range of 2e14 bar. Effect of thermal conductivity on PTFE, MPL, and compression is considered. Thermal contact resistances between GDL and MPL/iron surface are measured. a r t i c l e i n f o

The primary removal of product water in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is through the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) which necessitates the understanding of vapor and liquid transport of water through porous media. In this investigation, the effect of microporous layer (MPL) coatings, GDL thickness, and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) loading on the effective water vapor diffusion c...

A general game player automatically learns to play arbitrary new games solely by being told their rules. For this purpose games are specified in the general Game Description Language (GDL), a variant of Datalog with function symbols that uses a few game-specific keywords. A recent extension of basic GDL allows the description of nondeterministic games with any number of players who may have inc...

Many traffic safety researchers believe Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws save lives by imposing restrictions, stronger licensing requirements, and delayed licensure status on drivers under age 18. To determine the effects of California’s GDL law on traffic fatalities among older (age 18-19) and younger (age 16-17) teens by age, sex, accident characteristics, and license status, mortality d...

In 2000, Wisconsin enacted the Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) Law in an effort to reduce the number of teen deaths and injuries due to motor vehicle crashes. The GDL program targets high-risk teen driving behaviors by mandating more hours of supervised driving, limiting nighttime driving, restricting vehicle passengers, requiring seatbelt use, and mandating absolute sobriety for all teen driv...

Air-cathode microbial fuel cells (AC-MFC) use a gas-diffusion-layer (GDL) coating based on polytetrafluoroethylene applied to the cathode prevent electrolyte leakage. However, this type of GDL can also lead decrease in MFC performance due electron-transfer limitation, mass-transfer limitation or catalyst availability. This study provides comprehensive understanding significance coating, demonst...