During the synthesis of the new antimalarial drug candidate NITD609, a high degree of diastereoselectivity was observed in the Pictet-Spengler reaction. By isolating both the 4E and 4Z imine intermediates, a systematic mechanistic study of the reaction under both kinetic and thermodynamic conditions was conducted. This study provides insight into the source of the diastereoselectivity for this ...

effects of the brown tide alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens Mary Downes Gastrich1¤ and Catherine E. Wazniak2 1New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Research and Technology, Trenton, New Jersey, USA 2Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, Maryland, USA *Corresponding author: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science, Re...

Chang-Do Huh and Keum-Shik Hong a Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-Dong, Kumjeong-Ku, Pusan, 609-735, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-1481, Fax: +82-51-514-0685, Email: [email protected] b School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-Dong Kumjeong-Ku, Pusan 609-735, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-2454, Fax: +82-51-51...

The Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM) competitive inhibitor KN-93 has previously been used to evaluate 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-independent Ca(2+)-signaling to contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle during intense electrical stimulation ex vivo. With the use of low-intensity tetanic contraction of mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles ex vivo, this study demonstr...

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) has been implicated in a range of conditions and pathologies from prostate to hepatic cancer. Here, we describe the expression in Escherichia coli and the purification protocol for the following constructs: full-length CaMKK2 in complex with CaM, CaMKK2 'apo', CaMKK2 (165-501) in complex with CaM, and the CaMKK2 F267G mutant. The protocols d...

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) catalyses the reduction of quinoid compounds to hydroquinones, preventing the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen. A "C" to "T" transversion at position 609 of NQO1, leading to a nonsynonymous amino acid change (Pro187Ser, P187S), results in an altered enzyme activity. No NQO1 protein activity was detected in NQO1(609)TT genotype, and low to i...

Intracellular Ca2+ and protein phosphorylation play pivotal roles in long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. Ca2+ regulates multiple intracellular pathways, including the calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs) and the ERKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinases), both of which are required for LTP. However, the mechanism by which Ca2+ activates ERK during LTP remai...