1. The amount of visible or long ultraviolet light (UV) required to photoreactivate Colpidium colpoda injured with known dosages of short UV (2654 A) was determined. 2. The effect of the short UV was tested by the delay in division of exposed animals compared to controls. Photoreactivation was tested by the effect of postillumination on the delay of division of treated colpidia compared to cont...

BACKGROUND Understanding the prognostic meaning of early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the general population is relevant for discussions about underdiagnosis. To date, COPD prevalence and incidence have often been estimated using prebrochodilation spirometry instead of postbronchodilation spirometry. In the SAPALDIA (Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in ...

BACKGROUND Adolescent e-cigarette use has increased rapidly in recent years, but it is unclear whether e-cigarettes are merely substituting for cigarettes or whether e-cigarettes are being used by those who would not otherwise have smoked. To understand the role of e-cigarettes in overall tobacco product use, we examine prevalence rates from Southern California adolescents over 2 decades. MET...

vectors may also be affected depending on whether these regions contribute to this activity (14). Interestingly , although pGL3-basic (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) is derived from pUC vectors, it lacks many of the AP1 motifs found in pBLCAT3; however, it is still transactivated in experiments where other transcription factors such as NF-Y, c-Ets-2, PEA3, Sp1, or GATA-4 are overexpressed (D.A. You...

1.Cain, S.R. and S. Ganguly. 1995. Uses of fusion genes in mammalian transfection, p. 9.6.1-9.6.12. In F.D. Ausubel, R. Brent, R.E. Kingston, D.D. Moore, J.G. Seidman, J.A. Smith, and K. Struhl (Eds.), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2.Goridis, C. and J.F. Brunet. 1999. Transcriptional control of neurotransmitter phenotype. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 9:47-53. 3....

Restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have resulted in the increased use of alternate flame retardant chemicals to meet flammability standards. However, it has been difficult to determine which chemical formulations are currently being used in high volumes to meet flammability standards since the use of flame retardant formulations in consumer products is not transpa...

BACKGROUND Research has documented dramatic variation in health care spending across the United States that has little relationship to health outcomes. Although high-spending areas have more physicians per capita, it is not known whether this disparity fully explains the differences in spending or whether individual physicians in high-spending regions have a greater tendency to intervene for th...

BACKGROUND Biofuel use is one of many means of addressing global change caused by anthropogenic release of fossil fuel carbon dioxide into Earth's atmosphere. To make a meaningful reduction in fossil fuel use, bioethanol must be produced from the entire plant rather than only its starch or sugars. Enzymes produced by fungi constitute a significant percentage of the cost of bioethanol production...

In the current study, different geochemical and biological proxies, including pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, ostracods molluscs, from an AMS radiocarbon-dated sediment core Lake Ochaul (54°14?N, 106°28?E; 641 m a.s.l.) are presented discussed. is a fresh-water lake archaeological site situated ca. 100 km northwest of Baikal in upper reaches Lena River. The 260-cm-long sedimentary record here ...