Note that a phrase headed by -te (teP) is usually an adjunct floating around in a sentence (like English gerunds); however, when V-te is adjacent to a verb from a certain set of verbs, they jointly form a single complex predicate. The status of a [V-te V] string as a complex predicate (rather than two separate predicates) is clear when the semantics of V2 is significantly lightened, but even if...

Predicate completion is an approach to closed world reasoning which assumes that the given sufficient conditions on a predicate are also necessary. Circumscription is a formal device characterizing minimal reasoning i.e. reasoning in minimal models, and is realized by an axiom schema. The basic result of this paper is that for first order theories which are Horn in a predicate P, the circumscri...