In this article, a novel design approach for designing 4×4 and 8×8 filtering Butler matrices is proposed. The matrices, composed of combined 90° couplers 180° as well phase shifters, provide incremental shifts bandpass filter performance. detailed process synthesis method the are presented. A three-layer symmetrical stripline structure used to realize matrix, allowing fully planar without inter...

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In this paper we introduce 4–8 subdivision, a new scheme that generalizes the fourdirectional box spline of class C to surfaces of arbitrary topological type. The crucial advantage of the proposed scheme is that it uses bisection refinement as an elementary refinement operation, rather than more commonly used face or vertex splits. In the uniform case, bisection refinement results in doubling, ...