Background: The complexity of the fermentation processes is mainly due to the complex nature of the biological systems which follow the life in a non-linear manner. Joined performance of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) in finding optimal solutions in experimentation has found to be superior compared to the statistical methods. Range of applications of β-cyclodextrin (...

A high capacity for accumulation of Mn was reported for sunflower plants. Localization of excess Mn is therefore of special interest for understanding metal tolerance mechanisms in this species. In this study, structural and histochemical alterations caused by Mn accumulation in leaves were investigated in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Azar-ghol) plants grown in nutrient solution. In the ...

Heat-responsive miRNAs regulate the expression of the transcription factors (HSFs) and majority of the heat stress-associated genes (HSPs). Here we report identification of few heats responsive miRNAs in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)through de novo sequencing on Illumina Hiseq 2000. Validation of identified miRNAs in endospermic tissues of thermotolerant (HD2985) and thermosusceptible (NIAW-34-3...

Three major oat components, β-glucan, starch, and protein, and their interactions were evaluated for the impact on viscosity of heated oat slurries and in vitro bile acid binding. Oat flour from the experimental oat line "N979" (7.45% β-glucan) was mixed with water and heated to make oat slurry. Heated oat slurries were treated with α-amylase, lichenase, and/or proteinase to remove starch, β-gl...

Starches from two ecotypes of achira roots (Canna edulis Ker-Gawler) were characterized and compared to commercial potato and corn starches. This included scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of starch granules and amylose content determination of starch. Starch solutions or gels were tested by rotational viscometry, Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), and texture analysis. Some starch samples were subje...

Cold-induced sweetening (CIS) in potato is detrimental to the quality of processed products. Conversion of starch to reducing sugars (RS) by amylases is considered one of the main pathways in CIS but is not well studied. The amylase genes StAmy23, StBAM1, and StBAM9 were studied for their functions in potato CIS. StAmy23 is localized in the cytoplasm, whereas StBAM1 and StBAM9 are targeted to t...

BAM1 is a plastid-targeted β-amylase of Arabidopsis thaliana specifically activated by reducing conditions. Among eight different chloroplast thioredoxin isoforms, thioredoxin f1 was the most efficient redox mediator, followed by thioredoxins m1, m2, y1, y2, and m4. Plastid-localized NADPH-thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) was also able partially to restore the activity of oxidized BAM1. Promoter ac...

The cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase enzyme (CGTase) is an industrially crucial for the production of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). CGTase has a high propensity to produce mixture cyclodextrins (CDs). From industrial perspective, that produces only one type CD critical importance. Bacillus sp. PBS1 produced converts starch solely into β-CD. isolated strain was found close similarity with alkaliphilic ...

Most of rye flour is obtained by a gradual reduction system using roller flour mills, which generate different flour streams. The study of the different flour streams composition is necessary since it determines the flour quality and the flour uses. The scientists at Spain analysed four break streams and nine reduction streams for moisture, ash, starch, protein, damaged starch, falling number, ...

background: the complexity of the fermentation processes is mainly due to the complex nature of the biological systems which follow the life in a non-linear manner. joined performance of artificial neural network (ann) and genetic algorithm (ga) in finding optimal solutions in experimentation has found to be superior compared to the statistical methods. range of applications of β-cyclodextrin (...