one of the complications of end-stage renal disease (esrd) is sensorineural hearing loss (snhl). despite large number of studies on adults esrd patients, there are only a few reported surveys regarding snhl in children. to determine the prevalence of snhl in children with esrd and its relationship with sex of patients, presence of hypertension, history of ototoxic drugs administration and durat...

Characteristic Parv4 IgG negative, n = 77 Parv4 IGg positive, n = 37 p-value Median age (IQR), y 7 (3–9) 7 (4–8) p = 0.87† Number of males (%) 38 (49) 12 (32) p = 0.21‡ Number with HIV (%) 65 (85) 25 (68) p = 0.05‡ Median CD4+ T cell percentage (IQR)§ 25 (18-30) 24 (16-30) p = 0.68‡ Median HIV viral load (IQR), copies/mL§ 120,000 (21,600–365,000) 52,000 (7,700–150,000) p = 0.13† Proportion with...

Introduction A long-term intragastric feeding is the indication for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement in a patient. The procedure performed children with central nervous system (CNS) disorders, congenital heart defects and neoplastic or metabolic diseases. PEG most commonly by gastroscopy procedure. Aim study aimed to retrospectively analyse methods applied complications follo...

BACKGROUND Childhood constipation is a common problem, accounting for 3% of visits to pediatric clinics and 30% of visits to pediatric gastroenterologists. Estimates of the prevalence of childhood constipation vary from 0.3% to 28% with younger children being affected most often. We were unable to find any studies that specifically examine the causes of constipation in young children. Our objec...

Atopic eczema is a chronic skin disorder that is most common in early childhood, an important stage in the child's social and emotional development. The psychiatric adjustment and mother-child attachment in 30 preschool children with severe atopic eczema was compared with 20 matched controls. Patients with eczema had a significant increase in behaviour symptoms, 7/30 (23%) v 1/20 (5%); with sig...

The mammalian brain generates motor commands to initiate movement, and through interactions with our environment this motor output is adapted in order to reduce the error between the planned and actual movement. One readily learned motor adaptation involves the predictive compensation in response to changes in the physical dynamics of the environment. These dynamics are time-varying physical pe...