In this contribution we solve the following problem. Let Hnm be a Hilbert space of dimension nm, and let A be a positive semidefinite self-adjoint linear operator on Hnm. Under which conditions on the spectrum has A a positive partial transpose (is PPT) with respect to any partition Hn⊗Hm of the space Hnm as a tensor product of an n-dimensional and an m-dimensional Hilbert space? We show that t...

Wnt genes play important roles in regulating patterning and morphogenesis during vertebrate gastrulation. In zebrafish, slb/wnt11 is required for convergence and extension movements, but not cell fate specification during gastrulation. To determine if other Wnt genes functionally interact with slb/wnt11, we analysed the role of ppt/wnt5 during zebrafish gastrulation. ppt/wnt5 is maternally prov...

A deficiency of palmitoyl protein thioesterase (PPT) leads to the neurodegenerative disease infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), which is characterized by an almost complete loss of cortical neurons. PPT expressed in COS-1 cells is recognized by the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) and is routed to lysosome, but a substantial fraction of PPT is secreted. We have here determined t...

Intracellular signaling mechanisms within the pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) nucleus for the regulation of recovery rapid eye movement (REM) sleep following REM sleep deprivation remain unknown. This study was designed to determine the role of PPT intracellular cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) in the regulation of recovery REM sleep in freely moving rats. The results show that a bri...

This paper concerns the possibility of developing a coherent theory of security when feasibility is associated with expected probabilistic polynomial-time (expected PPT). The source of diiculty is that the known deenitions of expected PPT strategies (i.e., expected PPT interactive machines) do not support natural results of the type presented below. To overcome this diiculty, we suggest new dee...

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) possesses both DNA polymerase activity and RNase H activity that act in concert to convert single-stranded RNA of the viral genome to double-stranded DNA that is then integrated into the DNA of the infected cell. Reverse transcriptase-catalyzed reverse transcription critically relies on the proper generation of a polypurine tract (PPT) primer. However, the mecha...

More than 5% of alternatively spliced internal exons in the human genome are derived from Alu elements in a process termed exonization. Alus are comprised of two homologous arms separated by an internal polypyrimidine tract (PPT). In most exonizations, splice sites are selected from within the same arm. We hypothesized that the internal PPT may prevent selection of a splice site further downstr...

Preprotachykinin-I gene (PPT-I) encodes several peptides with organ-specific functions that link the neuroendocrine-immune-hemopoietic axis. We cloned upstream of the initiation site of human PPT-I promoter and identified consensus sequences for two cAMP response elements (CRE). PPT-I is induced by cytokines including those that signal through the cAMP pathway. Therefore, we studied the role of...

The effects of salinity on the embryonic and larvae stage of Crassostrea iredalei were investigated. Fertilised eggs and one day old D-larvae were subjected to salinities ranging from 0 to 30 ppt at temperature of 30±2°C. At salinity lower than 10 ppt, 100% mortality was observed. For embryo development, the highest survival was observed at salinity 25 ppt with 80.9±2.2% survival with no signif...