The observed global warming of the past century occurred primarily in two distinct 20-year periods, from 1925 to 1944 and from 1978 to the present. Although the latter warming is often attributed to a human-induced increase of greenhouse gases, causes of the earlier warming are less clear because this period precedes the time of strongest increases in human-induced greenhouse gas (radiative) fo...

Three worldwide (pandemic) outbreaks of influenza occurred in the 20th century: in 1918, 1957, and 1968. The latter 2 were in the era of modern virology and most thoroughly characterized. All 3 have been informally identified by their presumed sites of origin as Spanish, Asian, and Hong Kong influenza, respectively. They are now known to represent 3 different antigenic subtypes of influenza A v...

In this study, we present the results of the investigation of diachronic stylistic changes in 20th century religious texts in two major English language varieties – British and American. We examined a total of 146 stylistic features, divided into three main feature sets: (average sentence length, Automated readability index, lexical density and lexical richness), part-of-speech frequencies and ...

In this survey of the history of constructivism, more space has been devoted to early developments (up till ca 1965) than to the work of the last few decades. Not only because most of the concepts and general insights have emerged before 1965, but also for practical reasons: much of the recent work is of a too technical and complicated nature to be described adequately within the limits of this...

I count myself among the fortunate. I get to do science for a living. I spend my days pouring over data, trying to understand what they mean, and testing ideas both reasonable and half-baked. I interact with amazing people every day. They come to my University from the far reaches of the planet. I write. I think. I brainstorm with students and colleagues. On the best days, I perform an experime...

biological anthropology had been considerably changed from beginning to now. from 19th to mid-20th century, the race has been the principal concept in bio-anthropologic researches. since mid-20th, the concept of race replaced with the new subjects. the second half of 20th century can be counted as the transition period for bio-anthropology. the three last decades of 20th century are the decades...

[1] The African Sahel experienced severe drying between the 1950s and the 1980s, with partial recovery since. We compare Sahel rainfall in the 20th century, pre-industrial, and increased greenhouse gases (GHG) simulations produced for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The simulations forced by 20th century concentrations of aerosol and GHG reproduce (i) a global change in SS...