When Dr. Lloyd J. Old referred to the goals and objectives of his laboratory of Human Cancer Immunology, he typically just said, “A major objective of the laboratory is the identification of suitable targets for cancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies and vaccines.” This key objective remained unchanged for more than three decades, and I think I have referred to this sentence uncountabl...

The communicative enthusiasm of Lloyd Old Before starting this introduction on the development of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy and the role of Lloyd Old in the field, in parallel with his central interest in T cell activation by tumor antigen vaccination, let me say a few subjective words about a unique human quality of Lloyd: his extraordinary communicative enthusiasm. That quality...

In this lecture, we look at various data structures to solve problems about static trees: given a static tree, we perform some preprocessing to construct our data structure, then use the data structure to answer queries about the tree. The three problems we look at in this lecture are range minimum queries (RMQ), lowest common ancestors (LCA), and level ancestor (LA); we will support all these ...

Introduction In the second half of the 1970s, Lloyd J. Old and his group at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) discovered the first human cancer antigens by establishing an approach called “autologous typing.” The key preconditions of these discoveries were improvements in establishing human cancer cell lines from fresh tissue specimens and cultures from autologous healthy tissues, ...

We care not only about the value of the minimum element, but also about the index k of the minimum element between A[i] and A[j]; given the index, it is easy to look up the actual value of the minimum element, so it is a more interesting problem to find the index of the minimum element between A[i] and A[j]. The range minimum query problem is not a tree problem, but it closely related to a tree...

Although Lloyd J. Old was involved in various studies of the interactions between cancer and the immune system, it seems to us that his ideas often originated from the studies of serological identification of mouse lymphocyte antigens. The findings from these studies allow us to distinguish cells of different lineages and differentiation stages, and also to distinguish leukemia cells from norma...

BACKGROUND Doctors' verbal and non-verbal communication skills have an impact on patients' health outcomes, so it is important for medical students to develop these skills. Traditional, non-verbal communication skills training can involve a tutor manually annotating a student's non-verbal behaviour during patient-doctor consultations, but this is very time-consuming. Tele-conference systems hav...

As the problem of easily and quickly generating tele-lecturing content has been solved and many tele-lecturing projects have been set up, new issues arise. The search amongst the video content is a major problem. It takes a long time for users to lter through all the videos available until they nd the learning content they are looking for. This paper describes a concept for the set-up of a rati...