Biological control is the purposeful introduction of parasites, predators, and pathogens to reduce or suppress pest populations. Wolbachia are inherited bacteria of arthropods that have recently attracted attention for their potential as new biocontrol agents. Wolbachia manipulate host reproduction by using several strategies, one of which is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) [Stouthamer, R., Br...

Question: Environmental disturbance can disrupt habitat choice as an ecological barrier to hybridization between host-specific parasites that mate on their host. Is environmentindependent mate choice a sufficient barrier to prevent hybridization when ecological isolation breaks down? Hypothesis: Males and females will not discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific mating partners in th...

The purpose of this note is to give a demonstration of the completeness theorem of type assignment system for λ-terms of [Hindley 83] and [Coquand 05] with two directions of slight extensions. Firstly, using the idea of [Okada 96], [Okada-Terui 99] and [Hermant-Okada 07], we extend their completeness theorem to a stronger form which implies a normal form theorem. Secondly, we extend the simple ...

Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 84(5): 488-492 (1991) ABSTRACT The flight period of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, was investigated in Utah tart cherry, Prunus cerasus L., orchards from 1983 to 1989 and in Washington sweet cherry, Prunus avium L., orchards between 1982 and 1988. In Utah, flies were first detected on 31 May 1989, but the average time of first detection was 9...

Ammonium acetate and protein hydrolysate baited and unbaited green spheres (3.6, 9.0, and 15.6 cm diameter) were evaluated for effectiveness in capturing blueberry maggot flies, Rhagoletis mendax Curran. Early in the season, baited spheres (9.0 cm diameter) captured significantly more R. mendax flies than spheres of 3.6 and 15.6 cm diameter. As the season progressed, the differences in trap cap...