www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 325 3 JULY 2009 5 COVER The Phoenix spacecraft on the martian polar plains (68°N latitude). The footpad at the bottom is about 1 meter below the spacecraft deck seen at the lower left. Overlaid images are trenches dug to either nearly pure water ice or ice-cemented soil. Analyses of samples taken from these trenches give clues to the history of the region. Results...

Recent reports have indicated that some North African golden jackals possess gray wolflike mitochondrial DNA sequences [1,2]. The authors have suggested that those individuals may represent a previously undescribed gray wolf lineage present in North Africa, thus supporting previous claims based on the usual morphology and size of some canid specimens from this region [3]. Conceivably, the recen...

In this study, we focused on determining the genetic variability of Turkish gray wolves and also to reveal phylogenetic relationships of the Eurasian wolf populations using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Partial mitochondrial DNA sequences (440 bp) were obtained from 12 Turkish gray wolves, including D-loop region (332 bp). We found seven D-loop haplotypes (332 bp) among the 12 Turkish gray wolve...

Using artificial insemination we attempted to produce hybrids between captive, male, western, gray wolves (Canis lupus) and female, western coyotes (Canis latrans) to determine whether their gametes would be compatible and the coyotes could produce and nurture offspring. The results contribute new information to an ongoing controversy over whether the eastern wolf (Canis lycaon) is a valid uniq...

The efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) system under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is primarily determined by how the PV panels are connected to load. Various architectures have been developed improve power processing capability and thus conversion efficiency. In this article, central string architecture considered, performance characteristics obtained using optimization techniques such as gr...