Sea level observations made in the Venice Lagoon between 1751 and 1792 have been recovered, consisting of two time series of daily data on high and low waters in Venice and Chioggia. From comparisons with modern observations, the quality of the 18th century data appears to be good enough to allow a useful analysis. A composite time series of daily mean sea level is obtained by merging the 18th ...

Tree ring, ice core and glacial geologic histories for the past several centuries offer an opportunity to characterize climate variability and to identify the key climate parameters forcing glacier expansion in Kamchatka over the past 400 years. A newly developed larch ring-width chronology (AD 1632–2004) is presented that is sensitive to past summer temperature variability. Individual low grow...

During the 17th–18th centuries, fortress of Azov played an extremely important role in geopolitics Russian state and Ottoman Empire. period “Azov sitting” (1637–1642) was base Don Cossacks, under Peter I (1696–1711) it provided Russia with control over basin gave access to Black Sea. Under terms Treaty Pruth, 1711 returned power Turkey. In 1736 recaptured by troops. finally passed 1774 Kuchuk-K...